1. The Kingdom Animalia: Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions

2. Unifying Characteristics Haploid Gametes Embryonic Blastula Development Diploid Somatic Cells Multicellular Lacking Cell Walls Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Heterotrophic Aerobic Respiring

3. Haploid Gametes In animals the adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis

4. The Embryonic Blastula After fertilization of an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula

5. Diploid Somatic Cells As the zygote develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid

6. Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Cells contain Mitochondria inside cells that carry on Cellular Respiration O 2 + Glucose  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP

7. Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen

8. Major Divisions Symmetry, Movement, & Cephalization Gastrulation & Gut Formation Dermal Tissues & Coelome Development Segmentation

9. Radial Symmetry Body plan in which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)

10. Bilateral Symmetry Body plan in which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images) Cephalization results from this plan

11. Gastrulation & The Gut After the blastula stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus

12. Tissue Organization: None Parazoan animals have specialized cells but lack the tissue level of organization

13. Diploblastic Tissues Tissue organization first appears in animals like jellyfish which are Diploblastic (having a distinct Ectoderm and Endoderm)

14. Coelome Development: Acoelomate The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic

15. Pseudocoelomate Pseudocoelomate animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)

16. Eucoelomate Eucoelomate animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic

17. Segmentation Segmented organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another

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