1. Electromagnetic Spectrum
Keith Warne
BHS

2. Electromagnetic Waves
Electric and magnetic fields always exist …………………….
When ever one is ………………. the other is …………………….
The fields can exist in a …………………...
They are at …….o to each other.
The electromagnetic wave move at ……..o to the fields.
The ……………… of the wave refers to the number of ……………………………

3. Electromagnetic Waves
Electric and magnetic fields always exist together.
When ever one is collapsing the other is generated.
The fields can exist in a vacuum.
They are at 90o to each other. (Transverse)
They are propagated at 90’ to their own directions.
C = 3 x 108 m.s-1
The frequency of the wave refers to the number of cycles per second

4. Electromagnetic Waves
RH DR
……………….
(Signal generated)
EM waves can be ………………… and detected by changing electric ……………………. in a conductor (arial)
………………
(Signal Received) 

5. Electromagnetic Waves
Right Hand Dynamo Rule
Current
Field 
Transmitter
(Signal generated alternating current)
Thrust/movement
Receiver:
(Signal Received – weak alternating current induced – needs amplification)
EM waves can be generated and detected by changing (accelerating) electric currents in a conductor (arial) 
Direction of movement

6. Electromagnetic Spectrum
All the different types of electromagnetic waves form the ……………………………………………….
Changing the ………………………. changes the properties of the waves.

7. Electromagnetic Spectrum
INCREASING FREQUENCY and ENERGY
INCREASING W A V E L E N G T H
All the different types of electromagnetic waves form the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
Changing the frequency changes the properties of the waves.

8. Radio Waves
Radio waves have the ………………… wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
These waves can be longer than a ………………. or as short as a …………….
Radio waves do more than just bring music to your radio.
They also carry …………. for your ……………… and ………………….. phones

9. Radio Waves
Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
These waves can be longer than a football field or as short as a football.
Radio waves do more than just bring music to your radio.
They also carry signals for your television and cellular phones

10. Microwaves
Microwaves have wavelengths that can be measured in ……………………………!
The longer microwaves, those closer to a ………….. in length, are the waves which heat our food in a ………………… oven.
Microwaves are good for ……………… ………………… from one place to another because microwave energy can ……………………. haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.

11. Microwaves
Microwaves have wavelengths that can be measured in centimeters!
The longer microwaves, those closer to a foot (~30 cm) in length, are the waves which heat our food in a microwave oven.
Microwaves are good for transmitting because microwave energy can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.

12. Infra Red Radiation
The ………………… that we feel from sunlight or a fire is infrared radiation.
………………., near infrared waves are not hot at all - in fact you cannot even feel them. These shorter wavelengths are the ones used by your TV's ……………. ……………..
To make infrared pictures like the one above, we can use special cameras. The …………….. areas are the warmest and the …………………….. areas are the coldest.

13. Infra Red Radiation
The heat that we feel from sunlight, a fire, a radiator or a warm sidewalk is infrared.
Shorter, near infrared waves are not hot at all - in fact you cannot even feel them. These shorter wavelengths are the ones used by your TV's remote control.
To make infrared pictures like the one above, we can use special cameras. The orange areas are the warmest and the white-blue areas are the Hottest.

14. Visible Light
Visible light is made up of the various of colored light.
The ……… is determined by the frequency of the light.
When electromagnetic radiation of this frequency falls on our ……………. our brain interprets it as colour.

15. Visible Light
Visible light is made up of the various frequencies of colored light.
The colour is determined by the frequency of the light.
When electromagnetic radiation of this frequency falls on our retina our brain interprets it as colour.
Longer wavelengths are refracted the LEAST!

16. Calculate the frequency of green light.  = 520 nm

17. Ultraviolet (UV) light
Ultraviolet (UV) light has ………… wavelengths than visible light.
Ultraviolet radiation seems to play an important role in ……… some animals have colours that change in UV light – other animals can detect UV light.
Though these waves are invisible to the human eye, some insects, like …………….., can see them!
Also used for …………….

18. Ultraviolet (UV) light
Ultraviolet (UV) light has shorter wavelengths than visible light.
Ultraviolet radiation seems to play an important role in nature some animals have colours that change in UV light – other animals can detect UV light.
Though these waves are invisible to the human eye, some insects, like bumblebees, can see them!
Also used for security coding.

19. X - Rays
X-Ray radiation has a high …………………….. ability and can pass right through our bodies.
X-rays film forms images depending on the ………………….. of the X-rays falling on it.
The ……………….. left by things that the X-rays can't travel through (like bones or metal) form the …………… on medical X-rays.
Over exposure can cause ……….. …………………….

20. X - Rays
X-Ray radiation has a high penetration ability and can pass right through our bodies.
X-rays film forms images depending on the intensity of the X-rays falling on it.
The shadows left by things that the X-rays can't travel through (like bones or metal) form the images on medical X-rays.
Over exposure can cause tissue damage.

21. Gamma-rays
Gamma-rays have the …………………… wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.
These waves are generated by …………………………. and in nuclear explosions.
Gamma-rays can …………. living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill …………… cells.

22. Gamma-rays
Gamma-rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.
These waves are generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions.
Gamma-rays can kill living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill cancerous cells.

23. Electromagnetic Spectrum

24. Eg, Calculate the energy of a photon of blue light. ( = 450 nm)
Energy of a Light
Energy of a photon E = Max Planck
Wave equation  =
speed of light = (symbol)
.:To calculate the energy of a photon of light with wavelength  and speed c:
E =
Eg, Calculate the energy of a photon of blue light. ( = 450 nm)

25. Eg, Calculate the energy of a photon of blue light.
Energy of a Light
Energy of a photon E = hf Max Planck
Wave equation  = f x 
speed of light = c
To calculate the energy of a photon of light with wavelength  and speed c
.: E = h(c/ )
h = 6.63 X J.s
Eg, Calculate the energy of a photon of blue light.
E = hf
= (6.63x10-34)*(3x108/450x10-9) = 4.4x10-9J

26. Polarization
The electric and magnetic fields in light oscillate in DIRECTIONS.
A Polaroid filter allows the ……………….field through in ………. PLANE only – i.e. the light has been PLANE ……………………….
If a second Polaroid filter is placed at ………. to the first NO LIGHT WILL PASS THROUGH!

27. Polarization
The electric and magnetic fields in light oscillate in ALL DIRECTIONS.
A Polaroid filter allows the ELECTRIC field through in ONE PLANE only – i.e. the light has been PLANE POLARISED.
If a second Polaroid filter is placed at 90o to the first NO LIGHT WILL PASS THROUGH!

28. Penetrating ability
Penetrating ability depends on frequency which also determines the ENERGY of the radiation.
Lower energy vibrations UV, visible & IR are absorbed by many molecules (causing molecules to vibrate) and so do not travel far in most mediums.
Very low frequencies Radio are not absorbed well and so travel far through low density substances like air.

29. EM Summary Radiation Produced Rel. Size Penetration USE () ()  X UV
Visible IR
Micro
Radio

30. High energy electron collisions
EM Summary
Radiation
Produced
Rel. Size
Penetration
USE
()
Radioactive decay
()
Cathode ray tubes  X
High energy electron collisions UV
Sun / lamps
Visible
White Hot objects IR
heat
Micro
Magneto
Radio
Alternating current