1. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Anatomy: Study of form and structure of all organisms. Literally means “to cut apart” Gross (macroscopic) anatomy: Study of the form and relations (relative positions) of the structures of the body that can be seen with unaided eyes. Microscopic anatomy/ histology: Study of tissues and cells.That can be seen only with the aid of some\ equipments. Comparative Anatomy: Study of the structures of various species of animals, with particular emphasis on those characteristics that aid in classification.

2. Applied Anatomy: study of specific part of animal for practical application in the field. Systematic anatomy: Approach to the study of anatomy by systems. Physiology: Study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts (System, organs,tissues, cells and organelles), including biophysical and biochemical processes.

3. Systematic anatomy

4. Median Plane: An imaginary line dividing body into equal right and left halves. Sagittal plane: Any plane parallel to the median plane. Transverse plane: Line that divide body into cranial and caudal parts (right angle to median plane) Horizontal plane: line that divide body into dorsal and ventral segments (right angles to median and transverse plaves) Planes in body

6. Positional terms Dorsal: means towards or beyond the backbone. Ventral: means away from the backbone Cranial: means towards the head. Caudal: means towards the tail Rostral: means towards the nose. Medial: means towards the median plane. Lateral: means away from median plane Proximal: means relatively close to a given part, usually the vertebral column, body or CoG.

7. Distal: means relatively away from the backbone. Deep/internal: means near to the centre of an anatomical structure. External/superficial: means towards the surface of the body.