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Types of Muscles Muscles are contractile organs responsible for the voluntary and involuntary movements of animals.
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- allows for all voluntary movement
Types of Muscles Skeletal muscle - allows for all voluntary movement - appears to be striated when looked at under a microscope.
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Types of Muscles Cardiac muscle
- controls the involuntary beating of the heart - appears striated under a microscope.
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Types of Muscles Smooth muscle
- responsible for all other involuntary movement, such as breathing, digestion, peristalsis, blinking, etc.
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moving from one place to another
Types of Movement Ambulation moving from one place to another
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moving away from the median plane
Types of Movement Abduction moving away from the median plane
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moving towards the median plane
Types of Movement Adduction moving towards the median plane
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moving the distal part of the limb towards the body
Types of Movement Flexion moving the distal part of the limb towards the body
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moving the distal part of the limb away from the body
Types of Movement Extension moving the distal part of the limb away from the body
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so they generally work in pairs.
Muscle Function All muscles can do is CONTRACT or RELAX, so they generally work in pairs.
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For any particular action, the muscles involved can be classified as:
Muscle Function For any particular action, the muscles involved can be classified as: Agonist 2) Antagonist
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Muscle Function Agonist prime mover of a joint
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opposes movement of the agonist
Muscle Function Antagonist opposes movement of the agonist
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Muscle Function Example For elbow flexion, the agonist is the bicep
the antagonist is the tricep.
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Muscle Function Example For elbow extension, the agonist is the tricep
the antagonist is the bicep.
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– superficial muscle of the cheek
The Major Muscles Masseter – superficial muscle of the cheek
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Major Muscles Masseter
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– superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder
The Major Muscles Trapezius – superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder
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Major Muscles Trapezius
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The Major Muscles Latissimus dorsi
– long, superficial, dorsal muscle that attaches the humerus to the lumbar region of the back
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Major Muscles Latissimus dorsi
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– large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs
The Major Muscles Abdominal obliques – large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs
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External abdominal oblique
Major Muscles External abdominal oblique
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– large muscle of the upper hindquarters
The Major Muscles Gluteals – large muscle of the upper hindquarters
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Major Muscles Gluteals
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The Major Muscles Biceps femoris
– lateral superficial muscle, one of three which forms the “hamstrings”
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Major Muscles Biceps femoris
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– primary flexor of the elbow joint
The Major Muscles Biceps brachii – primary flexor of the elbow joint
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– primary extensor of the elbow joint
The Major Muscles Triceps brachii – primary extensor of the elbow joint
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Major Muscles Triceps brachii
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– primary adductors of the forelimbs
The Major Muscles Pectorals – primary adductors of the forelimbs
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Major Muscles Pectorals
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– attaches forelimb to trunk (no collarbone!)
The Major Muscles Serratus ventralis – attaches forelimb to trunk (no collarbone!)
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Major Muscles Brachiocephalicus
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Major Muscles Deltoid
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Major Muscles Intercostal
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Major Muscles Semitendinous
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Major Muscles Gastrocnemius
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