1. For the first 15 min. of class you must observe your plants.
Plant Experiment
For the first 15 min. of class you must observe your plants.
Measure the growth
Record any color changes, and # of sprouts
When complete answer the following:
List the characteristics of members of the animal kingdom
Give an example of an animal

2. Brainstorm

3. Kingdom Animalia

4. Preclass List the characteristics of members of the animal kingdom
Give an example of an animal

5. ~ Characteristics ~ Have a nervous system to respond to their
Multicellular
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Eukaryotic with no cell walls
Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
Digestion occurs internally
respiration
Heterotrophs (consumers)
Have a nervous system to respond to their
environment

6. Bones Vertebrates Invertebrates Have a backbone
Fish, frogs, snakes, birds, dogs, cats, and humans
Invertebrates
No backbone
Sponges, jellyfish,worms, snails, sea stars, and insects

7. Eight Types of Invertebrates Phylums
Echinodermata- sea stars, sea urchins
Arthropoda- insects, arachnids, crustaceans
Nematoda- round worms
Molluska- squid,snails, bivalves
Annelida- segmented worms
Platyhelminthes- flat worms
Cnidaria- jelly fish
Porifera- sponges

8. Consumers Rely on other organisms for energy Herbivore Omnivore
Carnivore
Decomposers***
Scavenger

9. Animal Behavior Learned behavior- learned from experience
Innate behavior-doesn’t depend on learning or experience
What are your innate behaviors?

10. Survival Behavior Predators and Prey Hiding out Warning coloration
Animals that eat other animals are predators
Prey is the animal being eaten
Hiding out
Camouflage-blending in with the environment
Ex. Walking stick
Warning coloration
Bright = flight
Troubling Signals
Bull horns, porcupine quills, spraying of the skunk and beetle, stinging creatures

12. Seasonal Behavior World travelers Slowing down
When food is scarce, or during droughts animals migrate or travel from one place to another
Ex. Salmon, chimps, birds
Slowing down
Some animals hibernate or have a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature during the winter time
Some animals estivate or reduce activity during the summer when resources are scarce

13. Biological Biological clock is an internal control of natural cycles
Daily cycles are circadian rhythms
Most animals wake at the same time each day and get sleepy around the same time

14. Communication Includes a signal and response Two types
Sight, sound, touch, and smell
Two types
Courtship
Territorial

15. Living in Groups
Advantages for hunting and escaping

16. ~ Body Plans ~ Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.
Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

17. ~ Body Plans ~
An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.
An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

18. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

19. ~ Protection and Support ~
Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:
Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.
Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

20. ~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla No backbones
95% of all animals are in this group

21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Sponges
Sexual (hermaphrodite) and Asexual (budding)
simplest form of animal life
live in water
Do not move around
no symmetry
Pores (holes) all over body
5000 species

22. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

24. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
Live in water
Most have tentacles
catch food with stinging cells
gut for digesting

25. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
2 different shapes
Medusa - like a jellyfish
Polyp - like a hydra

26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

27. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Flatworms
Flat, ribbon-like body
Live in water or are parasites
bilateral symmetry

28. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Planaria
eyespots detect light
food and waste go in and out the same opening

29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Tapeworm
Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Fluke
parasite
lives inside
of host

31. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Roundworms
Round, tubular body
small or microscopic
bilateral symmetry
have both a mouth and anus
Live in water or are parasites

32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Examples:
Hookworm
Trichinella

33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Soft bodies
Hard Shells
Live on land or in water
have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.
Important food source for humans

34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
snails and slugs
may have 1 shell
stomach-footed - move on stomach

35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
2 shells hinged together
clams, oysters,
scallops and mussels

36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
squids and octopuses
internal mantel

38. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Segemented worms
Body divided into segments(sections)
Live in water or underground
have a nervous and circulatory system

39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class Earthworms
eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class bristleworms

41. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class leeches
parasites that feed on blood of other animals

42. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~
Hard, spiny skin
Live in salt water
Radial symmetry
name means ‘spiney skinned’
endoskeleton

43. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~
Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

44. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
Body divided into sections/segments
Exoskeleton
Jointed legs
well developed nervous system
largest group of organisms on earth

45. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
3 subphylums:
Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

46. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
is divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders

47. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class – Arachnida
no antennae
4 pairs of legs
2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

49. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
Ancient group of species
Changed little over 350 million years
Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

51. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Pycnogonida
Sea spider

52. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
Aquatic ones have gills
2 antennae
2 body regions or segmented
Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
Many species taste delicious in butter

54. Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes
Class Insecta (insects)
Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

55. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Insecta
no antennae
3 pairs of legs
2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

57. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Millipedes
segmented animals
Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
Primarily herbivores & decomposers

59. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Chiopoda
Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
Have 1 pair of antennae
Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey

61. Animals with a backbone and nervous system
Vertebrates

62. What Are Vertebrates? Animals with a backbone and a skull
Skeleton made of cartilage
Largest group of chordates
Chordates have 4 special body parts
Notochord- found in embryos, supports the body
Hollow nerve chord- fluid filled backbone (spinal chord)
Pharyngeal pouches- in embryos, form gills
Tail- may be only in embryo stage
Two other chordate groups include
Lancelets and tunicates

63. Regulating body temperature
Endotherm- maintain same temp. (warm-blooded)
Ectotherm- body temp. fluctuates with environment

64. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds

65. Fishes
Describe the three classes of living fish and give an example of each

66. Types of Fish
Cartilaginous Fishes- No bones, include sharks, skates, and rays
Covered with denticles to give a rough feeling
Moveable jaws
Store oil in liver for floating- Must keep swimming
Bony Fishes (largest group)- gold fish and tuna
Skeleton made of bone, covered with boney scales
Swim bladder helps with floating
Jawless- lampreys and hagfish, they are eel like with smooth skin and a jawless mouth.
They have skull, brain, eyes, and notochord- NO BACKBONE

67. Amphibians
Terms to learn
Lung
Tadpole
metamorphosis

68. Amphibians Ectotherms Most are frogs or salamanders
Skin is thin, smooth, and moist
Double-Life
Lay eggs without shells in a wet environment
Tadpoles can only live in water
Later they develop into land dwellers

69. Kinds of Amphibians Slamanders Caecilians
Modern amphibians- long tailed with 4 legs
Live in water
390 species
Caecilians
Shaped like worms and snakes
Bony scales, most are blind
Live in tropical areas

70. Kinds of Amphibians continued…
Frogs
90 % of amphibians are frogs or toads
Powerful legs for jumping
Ears, vocal cords, extendable tongue
Frogs have vocal sac

71. Reptiles
Define amniotic egg and therapsid

72. Characteristics of Reptiles
Thick Dry Skin- Keeps cells from loosing water by evaporation
Coldblooded- ectotherms
Amniotic Egg-has a shell
Protection and moisture
Internal fertilization

73. Types of Reptiles Crocodiles and Alligators Lizards Snakes
Carnivores
Live in water
Lizards
Snakes
No legs!
Carnivores that swallow their eggs whole
Venomous or Constrictors
Turtles and tortoises
Shell
Turtles live in water or on land

74. Birds List the characteristics of birds
Describe the flight process of birds

75. Characteristics of birds
Amniotic eggs
Endotherms
Feathers
Some Fly
Migration

76. Characteristics of Mammals
Mammary Glands
Endotherms
Diaphram- helps draw air into a straw
Specialized teeth
Fur

77. Types of Mammals Monotremes- lay eggs, produce milk
Marsupials- live birth, embryos develop in a pouch

78. Types of Mammals…continued
Placental Mammals
Embryo stays inside the mother’s body and develops in the uterus