1. The effects of the trenches Lesson starter: On a new page, put the above heading as the middle of a mind map. Today we will learn about the effects the trenches had on men

2. Today we will… Understand the physical effects of living in the trenches Understand the psychological effects of living in trenches

3. There were two types of effects the trenches had on men… PHYSICAL And PSYCHOLOGICAL What do you think each of these mean?

4. Vocabulary Physical – affecting the body Psychological – affecting the mind Take notes as part of your mind map as we move through today’s presentation

5. The effects of the trenches psychological physical

6. Trench Foot was an extremely painful condition that caused a soldiers foot to swell up and go numb. Soldiers would often have to have their foot amputated as a result of this. Dry socks and whale- oil grease helped to prevent it. Trench foot

8. Early stages

9. Trench foot inspection

11. Lice These parasites were rife in the trenches Caused terrible itching

12. German soldiers picking lice off uniforms

13. Trench fever This fever could last for up to five days It was carried from man to man through body lice The symptoms were much like a bad flu – fever, nausea, diarrhoea etc

14. Rats Primary sources tell us about ‘rats the size of cats’ They feasted on dead bodies and soldier’s rations

15. Rat hunting in the trenches

16. Gas Chlorine gas was greeny-yellow and caused you to choke violently and stopped you being able to see It caused a terrible slow painful death Gas masks were developed by both sides

17. Mustard gas was even worse It damaged skin, leaving huge red blisters which were agony It also caused internal bleeding and could blind you

18. Shells Shells caused the most injuries of any weapons Shrapnel would fly off exploding shells and give men terrible injuries Some were blinded or killed by 200mph flying shrapnel

19. Machine guns These were another huge killer Many men died at the hands of these killers Many lost legs or arms

20. Shell Shock This was classed as a mental illness during WW1 Those who had shell shock had slower reaction times and tired easily They often could not concentrate and were very nervous The noise and impact of shells was blamed

22. Other psychological effects Men watched friends and family die They also had to kill fathers, brothers, sons Many suffered from Depression Stress Hallucinations Anxiety Nightmares These things had a huge stigma attached to them in those days and men were discouraged from discussing their feelings…

24. You should now have a detailed mind map showing both physical and psychological effects of trench warfare You will now watch several Video clips about trench life Add any points you take from these to your mind map BBC Clips - trenches

25. Today we will… Understand the physical effects of living in the trenches Understand the psychological effects of living in trenches