1. Where does the majority of the mass go from the food you eat?
coordinate plane- (‘co ‘or di nate plane)-the plane consisting of the “x” axis and the “y”axis
You could graph your age in years (x) and your height in inches (y) in a coordinate plane to get a visual picture of how your height has changed over the years.
Where does the majority of the mass go from the food you eat?

2. The majority of the mass from food you eat gets exhaled as carbon dioxide!! Don’t believe me?

3. ENERGY
All organisms need energy in order to carry out their every day functions.
Such as breathing, walking, running, eating, thinking, growing, etc.
However, this energy has to come from somewhere.
Organisms are specialized to make this energy!

4. Every organism needs ATP! Adenosine TriPhosphate
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Every organism needs ATP!
Adenosine TriPhosphate

5. ATP = Adenosine tri phosphate
When energy is needed, the bond between the last two phosphates breaks, releasing a burst of energy P P P
Adenosine
ENERGY

6. Producers and Consumers
Producers: can make their own food/energy
Consumers: must eat other organisms in order to make energy

7. Reactions / Chemical equations
Reactants = Materials in = Written on the left of the arrow
Products = Materials out = Written on the right of the arrow
Reactants  Products
A + B  C + D
Reactants
Products

8. 2 cellular processes make Atp
Cellular Respiration
Done by all living animals
Happens in the Mitochondria
Makes ATP from breaking down food
Photosynthesis
Done by plants
Happens in the Chloroplast
Makes ATP from sunlight
Some ATP is used for food for the plant

9. Energy Reactions Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO ATP
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Which are the reactants and which are the products?

10. Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Occurs in plants; in chloroplasts
Reactants: 6 H20, 6 CO2, sunlight
Products: 1 glucose C6H12O6; 6 O2
Cellular respiration
Occurs in all eukaryotic cells; in mitochondria
Reactants: 1 glucose C6H12O6; 6 O2
Products: 6 H2O, 6 CO2, 38 ATP

11. Location of Reactions
Cellular Respiration:
Photosynthesis:

12. Cellular Respiration Purpose: to break down glucose
Remember: glucose is a carbohydrate
Carbohydrates provide quick energy
Can be done with or without oxygen
With Oxygen: Aerobic Respiration
Without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration
Energy
Glucose

13. Cellular Respiration
Glucose is turned into energy during cellular respiration. Where does this glucose come from??
From the food that we eat!
The food is broken down in the stomach then glucose is absorbed in the blood It travels to the mitochondria for CR.

14. Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
1. Glycolysis
Happens in the cytoplasm
Glucose is split in half
Makes 2 ATP
2. Kreb’s Cycle
Happens in Mitochondria
Breaks down Glucose further
3. Electron Transport Chain
Uses O2 Gas
Makes 32 ATP

15. Glycolysis: GlucosePyruvate
Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate
Gives off 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose molecule broken down
Gives off 2 NADH per glucose molecule

16. Kreb’s Cycle: pyruvateco2 + h20
Completes the breakdown of glucose
Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and H2O
Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2 (these become important in next step)
Production of only 2 more ATP but produced lots of H+ and electrons

17. Electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2 pass the electrons down the ‘staircase
They provide the energy needed to convert oxygen into water
The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which takes on H+ protons to make water molecules
This step creates a total of 32 ATP

18. What does anaerobic mean?

19. What does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen!
When would be a time your body wouldn’t have enough oxygen?

20. With O2 present With O2 absent Cellular respiration
Aerobic (with oxygen)
Cellular Respiration
Result: 36 ATP, 6 water, 6 oxygen molecules
All eukaryotic life does this
With O2 present
Anaerobic (without oxygen)
Fermentation
Result: 2 ATP, bigger molecules (varies with type)
All prokaryotes do this and some eukaryotes do when stressed
With O2 absent

21. Cellular respiration: Fermentation
2 Types of Fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation
Higher animals do this in muscles
Result: 2 ATPs and lactic acid (may cause muscle cramps)
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeast cells and bacteria do this
Result: 2 ATP, ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide (used in bread and beer/wine making)

22. Exit Ticket
What is the difference between cellular respiration with oxygen and without oxygen? Discuss what each are named and how many ATPs are produced through each process.
Based on that answer, why is it necessary that we have oxygen available to survive?

25. Energy Tally 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
Glycolysis ATP
Kreb’s ATP
Electron Transport 32 ATP
Total: 36 ATP

26. Back to the equation…. C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP
C6H12O6 (food we eat)+ 6 O2 (air we breathe) 6 H2O (liquid waste) + 6 CO2 (what we exhale) + 38 ATP (no mass)