2. Auditory Processing

4. Physical DimensionPerceptual Dimension AmplitudeLoudness FrequencyPitch ComplexityTimbre

12. 05-34 W. W. Norton

23. 05-33 W. W. Norton

30. 05-36 W. W. Norton

31. 05-37 W. W. Norton

35. Mapping the Auditory System in Rhesus Monkeys University of Iowa Neuroscience Program The University of Iowa Department of Psychology Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience

37. Visual Processing Streams 25 “WHAT” “WHERE”

38. 24

39. Auditory cortex Unfolded view of supratemporal plane and adjoining STG. Belt Parabelt Core Kaas and Hackett, PNAS 2000

40. Auditory Projection System Lower Brainstem Lower Brainstem IC MGB IC Early Auditory Areas MGB Early Auditory Areas

41. Auditory Projection System Lower Brainstem Lower Brainstem IC MGB IC Early Auditory Areas MGB Early Auditory Areas Corpus Callosum, Anterior & Posterior Commissures Tectal Commissures

42. Lower Brainstem Lower Brainstem MGB Early Auditory Areas MGB Early Auditory Areas Forebrain Comm. Tectal Comm. IC Intact side 'Deaf' side

44. Methods Speakers  2-DG injected intravenously  Monkey listens passively for 45 min  Wide variety of acoustic stimuli  Brain prepared for autoradiography  LCGU measured in ROIs throughout brain  ROIs compared for hemispheric asymmetries  Three surgically prepared monkeys

45. Auditory Stimuli Passive Listening BIRDS (10%) ENVIRONMENTAL (18%) HUMAN (9%) MONKEYS (31%) MUSIC (12%) OTHER ANIMALS (8%) TONES, SWEEPS, NOISE (12%) 29

47. 2 DG in Intact (left) and Deafferented (right) Hemisphere Early auditory areas MGB IC

48. A15 “Hearing”“Deaf” 30

49. 31 Poremba et al., Science, 2003

50. Columns of 2DG activation in rSTG Hearing Side of Deafferented Monkey Completely Intact Monkey 32 Poremba et al., Science, 2003

51. Metabolic Mapping of Visual Cortex

52. Metabolic Mapping of Auditory Cortex

53. Overlap of Auditory and Visual Maps

54. Similar Auditory and Visual Processing Streams 57 “What” “Where”

55. 35

56. Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) (n=7 monkeys) 1 2 3 4 5 % of Whole Brain Activity Monkey Vocalizations Complex Sounds and Vocalizations Complex Sounds No Vocalizations Ambient Background Sound 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Human Vocalizations

57. High Low

58. High Low

59. Monkey Vocalizations p<0.001 * Complex Sounds and Vocalizations p<0.01 * FDG Activity in the Dorsal Temporal Pole 70 80 90 100 Ambient Background Noise % of Whole Brain Activity Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere

60. Monkey Vocalizations p<0.001 * Complex Sounds and Vocalizations p<0.01 * FDG Activity in the Dorsal Temporal Pole 70 80 90 100 Ambient Background Noise Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere Complex Sounds No Vocalizations % of Whole Brain Activity

61. 70 80 90 100 Ambient Background Sound Monkey Vocalizations % of Whole Brain Activity p < 0.001 * Monkey Vocalizations Split Brain Monkeys Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere Dorsal Temporal Pole (n=8 intact monkeys, n=3 split brain monkeys) 44Poremba et al., Nature, 2004

62. Similar Auditory and Visual Processing Streams 57 “What” “Where”

64. Parabelt projections to prefrontal cortex Romanski et al., Nature Neuroscience, 1999