1. ANIMAL KINGDOM

2. ANIMALS ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS Eukaryotics Multicellular
Lacking cell wall
Heterotrophs (ingest and digest)
Mobile or have mobility in at least one life stage
Sexual reproduction, produce an embryo

3. ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY ANIMALS
Invertebrate or Vertebrate
Levels of organization
Number of body layers
Symmetry and body plans
Body cavity
Segmentation
Movement
Reproduction

4. ANIMALS INVERTEBRATE OR VERTEBRATE INVERTEBRATE: no backbone, 95%
VERTEBRATE: internal skeleton and backbone, 5%

5. ANIMALS LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Differences in structure, tissues, organs and organ systems
All have cells
All have tissues (except sponges)

6. ANIMALS NUMBER OF BODY LAYERS
All animals have three cell layers (except sponges and phylum cnidaria-corals, hydras, jelly fish and sea anemones)
Layer 1 endoderm = inner layer: lungs, liver, pancreas, bladder, stomach lining
Layer 2 mesoderm = middle layer: muscles, blood, kidneys, reproductive organs
Layer 3 ectoderm = outer layer: skin, nerve tissue, sense organs
All layers develop during early embryo growth
Layers help sort cells into arrangements for specialized tissues and organs

7. ANIMALS
NUMBER OF BODY LAYERS

8. ANIMALS SYMMETRY AND BODY PLANS
Different arrangements of cells, tissues and organs leads to different body plans
Asymmetrical = irregular body shape
Radial Symmetry = divided along any plane parallel to body axis
Example: corals, jellyfish
Bilateral Symmetry = divided into two mirror halves only along one plane through the central axis
Example: worms, insects, vertebrates

9. ANIMALS
SYMMETRY AND BODY PLANS

10. ANIMALS
BODY CAVITY
Coelom: fluid filled cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems
Gives muscles a structures to brace against, allowing quick movement and recovery
Allows increased complexity
Coelomates: worms, molluscs, insects, vertebrates
Acoelomates: corals, jellyfish, flatworms

11. ANIMALS
BODY CAVITY

12. ANIMALS
SEGMENTATION
Segmentation: the division of the body into repetitive sections
Advantages:
If a single segment is damaged, other segments can continue to function properly
- Increased mobility

13. ANIMALS
SEGMENTATION

14. ANIMALS
MOVEMENT
Nerve and muscle tissue allow complex and fast movement
Sessile: stationary, live attached to one place; juvenile development allows for movement
Ex: sponges, sea anemones

15. ANIMALS
MOVEMENT

16. ANIMALS REPRODUCTION Sexual: gametic
Zygote = diploid organism = gametes = fertilization = zygote…
2 types of fertilization:
External: gametes combine outside body, mostly aquatic
Ex: fish, amphibians
Internal: gametes combine inside body
Ex: humans
Asexual: typically asexual though sexual reproduction can occur during harsh conditions
Ex: aphids

17. ANIMALS
REPRODUCTION