1. Skills and Techniques Intermediate 2 & Higher Physical Education

2. Lesson objectives… Complete starter task on repetition and combination drills Homework check Homework feedback Recap Stages of Skill Learning – Associative Stage Pressure Drills Stages of Skill Learning – Autonomous Stage Conditioned Game Task linked to model answer homework Issue homework for Monday 9 th January Issue homework for Monday 9 th January

3. Repetition Drills Answer the three questions below Q. What does Repetition practice involve? Repetition practice involves setting up drills which require you to repeatedly practice a particular part of the overhead clear or the whole technique itself. Q. Use the first two repetition drills to complete the paragraph below? For example my initial repetition drill involved.............................................................................................................At first I started in the....................................................................................As my performance improved I had to.............................. Q. Fill in the blanks? During repetition practice the intention is to........... the skill. It is vital that movements are performed.................. until the movement is..................... into the................................. For example my initial repetition drill involved my partner feeding the shuttle high above me so I could repeatedly play an overhead clear. At first I started in the back tramlines meaning I didn’t have to move into position allowing me to repeatedly practice the action + recovery phases of the skill. As my performance improved I had to move from base position to the rear of the court to return the shuttle. During repetition practice the intention is to grove the skill. It is vital that movements are performed repeatedly until the movement is grooved into the muscles memory.

4. Combination practice involves............................................................with other shots to play a specific........................... For example our initial........... drill...................... feeders. Feeder 1....................................................., bringing you..................................... net to play a.................. Shot. Feeder 2 on the other...........................................high to........................ allowing you...................................... As........................................practices became more game................. A later stage of the practice involved........................feeders. Feeder 1............................, feeder 2 played a drop shot and....................................................... During combination practices the aim is to continually play the cycle of shots effectively a set number of times. If any.................................., for example a poor feed, you would...........................from the beginning. This is more....................................... than carrying on with a broken........ practice – playing the wrong shot or playing a shot incorrectly. For the...................................to be considered as successful it...............................meter of the.................................... During the initial stages this had to be achieved...../5 times as the practices became more difficult the.....................increased to...../10 overhead clears. Combination Practice In pairs fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph below.

5. Homework check

6. Homework Was Due on Friday 16 th December Did you complete Task two? Task 2 Copy the next slide on Repetition drills into your class jotter and complete the Combination Practice drill slide.

7. Repetition Drills (did you copy this?) Repetition practice involves setting up drills which require you to repeatedly practice a particular part of the overhead clear or the whole technique itself. For example our initial repetition drill involved your partner feeding the shuttle high above you so you could play an overhead clear. At first you started in the back tramlines meaning you didn’t have to move into position (repeatedly practiced the action + recovery phases). As performance improved you had to move from base to the rear of the court to return the shuttle. During repetition practice the intention is to grove the skill. It is vital that movements are performed repeatedly until the movement is grooved into the muscles memory. Work to Rest Ratio In order to groove the skill it is vital that the skill is performed repeatedly, however for practice to be effective you need to consistently perform the skill to a high level. For this reason it is vital to ensure adequate work to rest ratios are used. For example 10 overhead clears would not be enough, but 30 would be to many so you would perform 3 sets of 10.

8. Combination Practice (did you complete?) Now you describe combination practice, below is a picture of the games hall white board from Monday.

9. Homework Feedback

10. Homework feedback Reminder of Homework codes used in PE Excellent of the standard expected Satisfactory, some key content / information missing Unsatisfactory, not of the level required – MUST REDO If you are unsure about Homework come at lunch time or after school and ask!

11. Reminder of homework question Due – Friday 16 th December Task 1: Describe in detail three practices you have used for each of the practice methods below. The three practices you describe should gradually increase in difficulty. You may wish to include a simple diagram. Shadow Practice Repetition Practice Combination Practice If you are unsure about Homework come at lunch time or after school and ask!

12. Homework feedback Generally continued improvement, encouragingly there were a high number of Some improvements required Use paragraphs – take a new paragraph for each practice, i.e. Shadow practice section should consist of three paragraphs, not one big paragraph on Shadow Practice. Common mistakes Not explaining why ‘work to rest:ratio’ changed – two reasons: 1.Task became more technically demanding 2.Task became more physically demanding. Not describing the ‘success criteria’ for repetition and combination drills. Remember you wouldn’t be able to move on until you completed the success criteria.

13. Skill Learning – Associative Stage

14. Associative Stage of the journey Cognitive AssociativeAutonomous Repetition Practice Combination Practice Pressure Drills

15. Associative Stage (Info only – from last week) Your level of performance will determine how quickly you progress through the practices. To ensure you move on at the correct time you must have specific success criteria to achieve before you move on. During the associative stage you link together all the subroutines and practice the skill using a variety of practice methods. Repetition Drills Combination Drills Pressure Drills Appropriate practice will gradually reduce the number of mistakes made during performance. As performance improves the difficulty of practices will gradually increase. Performance Level Difficulty of practice To avoid boredom and ensure high quality practice it is important to vary your practice. If you repeat the same thing over and over again you will become bored, disinterested and your level of performance will decrease.

16. During the associative stage I linked together all the subroutines involved in the overhead clear and practiced the skill by using a variety of different practice methods: 1.Repetition Practice 2.Combination Practice 3.Pressure Drills By completing a varied programme of practice I was able to gradually reduce the number of errors I made when performing the overhead clear. To ensure progression in my practice sessions I increased the difficulty of the practices as my level of performance improved. For example initially I used Repetition Drills which involved my partner feeding the shuttle high above me so I could play an overhead clear. At first I started in the back tramlines but as my performance improved I had to move from base to the rear of the court to return the shuttle. After focussing on repetition practice my level of performance had improved to such an extent that I progressed to using Combination Practices. This involved playing another stroke in addition to my overhead clear. For example initially I worked with two feeders. One fed the shuttle to the rear of the court allowing me to return with an overhead clear, the other dropped the shuttle over the net forcing me to play a net shot before returning to the rear to play another overhead clear. Info only – from last week

17. As I was moving towards the automatic stage I started to use Pressure Drills. Initially I used repetition pressure drills which required be to repeatedly perform overhead clears while under pressure. As my performance improved I progressed to using combination pressure drills, which required me to perform my overhead clear along with a net shot in pressured situations. By varying my sessions and having clear progression routes between practice methods I kept my motivation levels up avoiding the onset of boredom. To avoid fatigue I ensured I had adequate rest, my work to rest ration was usually 1:3. When performing I would never have to perform more than 10/15 shots without a break. Info only – from last week

18. Pressure Drills Once the movement patterns of the overhead clear have been established and your performance of the skill has begun to move towards the automatic stage it is important to increase the pressure to ensure the demands of practice are specific to your performance level and that practice becomes increasingly more game like. Pressure can be gradually increased as your level of performance increases. The chances of a skill becoming automatic are greatly increased after pressure training. Initially we used repetition pressure drills which required you to repeatedly perform overhead clears while under pressure from two feeders. Pressure was increased by decreasing the time interval between feeds forcing you to move to and from base quicker – reducing the time you had to move into position. As your performance improved we progressed to using combination pressure drills, which required you to perform an overhead clear along with a net shot in pressured situations.

19. Skill Learning – Autonomous Stage

20. Autonomous Stage of the journey Cognitive AssociativeAutonomous Repetition Practice Combination Practice Pressure Drills Conditioned Games

21. Autonomous Stage At the autonomous stage the majority of subroutines have become automatic. They have been grooved to muscle memory. As a result, less attention is paid to them allowing you to focus on special qualities such as disguise and deception. To ensure practice is specific to your skill level and realistic to the unpredictable nature of badminton conditioned games are the most effective way of further refining your overhead clear. Conditioned games can take various forms, often they are used to provide one player with an advantage or rules are adapted to emphasis particular skills. During the overhead clear this may mean that you track the path of the shuttle, adopt a side on stance with your weight on your back foot – transfer your weight forward, impact with shuttle above racquet arm – bring racquet down across body and recover to base. Preparation Action Recovery    As you are able to perform the subroutines of the overhead clear automatically you are able to pay closer attention to the flight path of the shuttle and where on your opponents court the shuttle lands.

22. Conditioned Games Conditioned games are essentially adapted forms of the activity. They can take various forms. Often they are used to provide an individual or team with an advantage over their opponents, this makes achieving tasks easier. Conditioned games may also involve certain adaptations to the rules of the game to emphasise the particular skills that you have been working on developing. Give Three Examples of conditioned games

23. Question linked to Past Paper HW Task

24. Question As you develop your performance, it is important to use different methods of practice at different points. Describe two different methods of practice you used to develop your overhead clear. Explain why it was appropriate to use the different methods of practice. Instructions 1.Re-read the two model answers (given out on Friday) that you had to mark for Monday 20 th December. 2.Click here for Answer 1Click here for Answer 1 3.Click here for Answer 2Click here for Answer 2 4.In pairs highlight / underline the key content 5.Create a bullet point plan from the identified content 6.Use the plan to answer the above question

25. Due – Monday 9 th January Task 1: Create a graffiti poster relating to data gathering. Use your graffiti poster to help you answer the following question: (6) Q.Describe in detail how you identified and gathered data on a skill or technique that was a weakness in your performance. Explain why you considered the methods used to be appropriate. (6) Task 2: (4) Q.From the data you gathered you will have identified a skill that was a weakness in your performance. Describe the skill and explain why you considered it to be a weakness. (4) Task 3: Create a graffiti poster on principles of effective practice Use your graffiti poster to help you answer the following question: (6) Q.Discuss the principles of effective practice you considered when planning your development programme. (6) Task 4: Create a mind map on the methods of practice used to develop your OHC. Use the mind map to answer the below question: (6) Q.Describe the methods of practice you used to improve your performance. (6) Help Recourses Class / homework jotter Data Gathering Booklet White (A5) Skills & Techniques Booklet Model Answers Online Homework