1. Get check questions out Prepare for trial Pass your 1 page paper in. Pass progress report in.

2. Get homework out Prepare for reading quiz Anyone who did not turn in progress reports or racial tribunal paper pass those forward

3. 1.Describe the difference between universalizing religions and ethnic religions. 2.What is one branch of Christianity? 3.What branch of Islam is most popular in Iran?

4. AP Reminders AP test money is due tomorrow (3/10) Map Quiz on SA on Friday (3/11) Field Trip: –Be in bus parking lot at 9:30 –Bring a bagged lunch –Wear appropriate clothing No shorts Nothing low cut No shirts that show shoulders

5. Religion

6. Where are religions distributed? Universalizing religion (proselytic faith) – global, appeal to all people despite where they live –62 % Ethnic religion –one group of people living in one place –24%

7. Universalizing Religion Christianity Islam Buddhism

8. World Distribution of Religions Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.

9. World Population by Religion Fig. 6-1a: Over two thirds of the world’s population adhere to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.

10. Origin of Religions Universalizing –precise places of origin –based on events in the life of a man Ethnic – unknown –unclear origins –not tied to a single historical individuals

11. Diffusion of Ethnic Religions Limited, if any, diffusion Diffusion of universalizing religions comes at the expense of ethnic religions diffuse if adherents migrate to new locations –economics reasons –forced to adopt a universalizing religion

12. Holy Places Ethnic: –Holy place has a distinctive physical environment Universalizing –Holy places not close –Not related to a particular physical environment –Pilgrimage Hindus and Muslims

13. Christianity 2 billion adherents Largest, widest distribution 3 branches –Roman Catholic (52%) –Protestant (21%) –Eastern Orthodox (10%)

14. Christian Branches in Europe Fig. 6-2: Protestant denominations, Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy are dominant in different regions of Europe – a result of many historic interactions.

15. Religions of the United States

16. Christian Branches in the U.S. Fig. 6-3: Distribution of Christians in the U.S. Shaded areas are counties with more than 50% of church membership concentrated in Roman Catholicism or one of the Protestant denominations.

17. Architecture Cross- within the primary structure of worship, the church. Steeple: extends to the heavens Jesus Christ: lived on Earth, died on cross –Bible: New and Old Testaments

18. Islam

19. 5 pillars: –No god worthy of worship except the one God, and Muhammad –5 times a day Muslims pray facing the city of Makkah (Mecca) –Charity- purification and growth –Fasts during Ramadan- self purification –Pilgrimage to Makkah

20. Islam Branches –Sunni- 83% –Shiite- 16%

21. Architecture Mosque: not a sanctified place. –Minarets- tallest structure –Pilgrimage to Mecca: hajj –Mecca: holiest city in Islam Medina Imam- leader of the mosque

22. Sunni/Shiite Article

23. Buddhism Third largest religion China and Southeast Asia 4 noble truths –Suffering –Reincarnation –Goal- escape suffering, Nirvana –Nirvana attained through 8 fold path

24. Statue of Buddha Hong Kong, China

25. Buddhism –Religious functions performed by monks –Hard to classify –Buddhists and other religions –Architecture: pagodas: ornate

26. Ethnic Religions Hinduism: –Largest –Third largest religion –Clustered (India) –Up to individual Knowledge, renunciation, devotion, action Harmony with nature Allegiance to God Hinduism

27. Ethnic Religions Hinduism: –No holy book –Much worship done at home –Up to the individual

28. Other Ethnic Religions Judaism –One all powerful God –1 st monotheistic religion –“chosen people” God selected them to live according to 10 commandments

29. Judaism Architecture Star of David: David was a patriarch of Jewish religion Passover, holy service Rosh Hashanah: Jewish new year Yom Kippur: holiday of atonement –fast

30. a) what do you know about Judaism and Islam b) some questions you have about Judaism and Islam

31. Maps

32. Other Ethnic Religions African –Animism- plants, stones, earthquakes, thunderstorms have spirits –Not much known –Hierarchy of divinities –Rapidly declining

33. How are the differences between universalizing and ethnic religions similar to the differences between folk and popular culture?

34. Origin Activity

35. Origin of Christianity Teachings of Jesus Died on a cross in Jerusalem Raised as a Jew and gathered disciples and preached the Kingdom of God Betrayed, arrested and put to death 3 rd day after his death- tomb found empty Raised from the dead by God

36. Origin of Islam Trace story through Muhammad Born in Mecca Muhammad faced persecution –Forced to emigrate –Muhammad’s death leads to Sunni and Shiite split

37. Origin of Buddhism Founder Siddhartha Gautama Life changed after 4 trips –4 th monk taught him to withdrawal from the world –Lived in forest, emerged as Buddha –Trained monks, preached Therevada oldest of the branches Mahayana- less demanding

38. Origin of Hinduism No specific founder existed prior to recorded history

39. Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Fig. 6-4: Each of the three main universalizing religions diffused widely from its hearth.

40. Diffusion of Christianity Palestine to relocation diffusion –By missionaries Spread in Roman Empire through contagious diffusion –Interaction b/t believers and nonbelievers Dominance in Roman Empire in 4 th century –Hieratical diffusion Acceptance of religion by key figures (Kings, emperors)

41. Diffusion of Christianity Fig. 6-5: Christianity diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued diffusing through Europe after the fall of Rome. It was later replaced by Islam in much of the Mideast and North Africa.

42. Diffusion of Islam Muslim armies conquered –Palestine, Persian Empire, India, N. Africa, Western Europe –Relocation diffusion of missionaries

43. Diffusion of Islam Fig. 6-6: Islam diffused rapidly and widely from its area of origin in Arabia. It eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa.

44. Diffusion of Buddhism Not rapid Asoka- sent missionaries Merchants introduced Buddhism to China

45. Diffusion of Buddhism Fig. 6-7: Buddhism diffused gradually from its origin in northeastern India to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventually China and Japan.

46. Maps

47. Judaism Practiced in many countries Not just country where it originated

48. Compare and Contrast 2 universalizing religions and 2 ethnic religions. –Use your notes and book.

49. Holy Sites in Buddhism Fig. 6-9: Most holy sites in Buddhism are locations of important events in Buddha’s life and are clustered in northeastern India and southern Nepal.

50. Buddhist Temple Bodh Gaya, India Google Earth- Lumbini

51. Holy Places (Universalizing) Islam –Cities associated with Muhammad Mecca- birthplace –Al-Ka’ba- religious shrine Medina- supporters –Muhammad’s tomb

52. Mecca, Islam’s Holiest City Fig. 6-10: Makkah (Mecca) is the holiest city in Islam and the site of pilgrimage for millions of Muslims each year. There are numerous holy sites in the city.

53. Makkah during the Haj Pilgrimage The Ka’ba stands at the center of the Great Mosque (al-Haran al Sharif) in Makkah.

54. Holy Places (Ethnic) Hindu –Riverbanks and coastline –Tirtha- pilgrimage –Hierarchy- remote locations attract many –Importance of shrines- tradition not doctrine –Ganges River

55. Hindu Holy Places Fig. 6-11: Hierarchy of Hindu holy places: Some sites are holy to Hindus throughout India; others have a regional or sectarian importance, or are important only locally.

56. Ritual Bathing in the Ganges River Hindu pilgrims achieve purification by bathing in the Ganges.

57. Remain silent while announcements are on! Get Check Questions out!

58. Maps

59. Other Ethnic Religions African –Animism- plants, stones, earthquakes, thunderstorms have spirits –Not much known –Hierarchy of divinities –Rapidly declining

60. Cosmogony Ethnic and univ. –differ in relationships b/t humans and nature cosmogony –religious beliefs concerning the original of the universe Ethnic – variety of events in physical envir. likely to be incorporated into religions

61. Cosmogony Confucianism and Daoism –Universe made up of yin and yang Christianity and Islam –God created the universe –God more powerful than nature

62. Forces Centripetal: –Forces that tend to unite a state Centrifugal –Forces that tend to break up a state –Religious, linguistic, or ethnic

63. Why do Territorial Conflicts Arise Among Religious Groups? Religion vs. religion Religion vs. govt. policies –Religious fundamentalism Strict and intense adherence to basic principles

64. Religion vs. Govt. Policies Religion vs. Social Change –Taliban vs. Western Values –Hinduism vs. Social Equality

65. Religion vs. Religion Middle East –Jews, Christians, and Muslims –Crusades- Christians and Muslims –Jews vs. Muslims in Palestine Israel vs. Palestine video http://search.discoveryeducation.com/

67. Hindu Temples Temples- house shrines for particular gods rather than for congregation worship Small, dimely lit interior, where a symbolic figure rests Rest of the temple- ritual possessions No Congregational worship –No closed space with seats

68. Buddhist and Shintoist Pagodas Elaborate and delicate Tall, many sided towers, tier, balconies, and slanting roofs Individual prayer done at temple or at home

69. Christian Churches Church plays critical role –Attendance at service of worship is important –Expression of religious principles –Much wealth, construction gone into buildings

70. Church Architecture Reflect culture values and religions architectural heritage Many denominations –Led to no single style of church –Availability of building materials influences appearance Wood- Northeast Brick- Southeast Adobe- Southwest Stucco/stone- Latin America

71. Religious Settlements Buildings for worship smaller scale manifestations of religion on the landscape Settlements- larger scale examples Utopian settlement- ideal community built around a religious way of life –Diminished –Early colonial settlement

73. Forces Centripetal: –Forces that tend to unite a state Centrifugal –Forces that tend to break up a state –Religious, linguistic, or ethnic –Be able to give example of a state that have experienced language/religion as being a centripetal force and an example of a state that have experienced language/religion as a centrifugal force

74. Hierarchical Religions Well define geographic structure and organizes terroties into local units –Roman Catholic Pope Archbishops- each heads a province bishops- administers diocese Diocese- divided into parishes, headed by a priest

75. Locally Autonomous Religions Self sufficient Interaction with other communities is confined to loose cooperation and shared ideas Islam Judaism and Hinduism Protestants- United Church of Christ, Baptist