2. Improving Memory and Reading

3. How does the memory work? n Three Stages n Sensory Register n Short Term Memory (STM) n Long Term Memory (LTM)

4. Sensory Register n Lasts less than a second n Records sensory experience n Allows the brain to process info n Helps us to focus on relevant info

5. The Sensory Register is like a quickly fading photo of your sensory experience

6. Short Term Memory n Lasts about a half a minute n Temporary and limited n Records what we see, hear, do, taste, touch n Purpose is to ponder significance and decide if it is important enough to remember

7. Magical Number 7 n It is easier to remember material grouped in chunks of seven (+ or –2)

8. Common 7’s n Telephone Number n License Plate n Days of the Week n Colors of the Rainbow n Deadly Sins n 7 Dwarfs (Snow White) n Can You Name Some Others?

9. Long Term Memory n Large capacity n Permanent storage n Use it to store important information for future use n Use it to store information for college success

10. How are long term memories formed? n Takes purposeful action n Repetition n Meaningful association n It must have survival value n Personal reasons n To pass a test

11. These Help Motivation n Interest or n Joy in learning

12. Is It True that We Never Forget? n We remember what is stored in Long Term Memory (LTM) n This is the goal of college study

13. How Long Do We Remember? n Sensory Register less than one second n Short Term less than one minute n Long Term permanent

14. Summary

15. To Store Information in Long Term Memory n Requires rehearsal n Apply memory techniques

16. Rate of Forgetting (or losing access) AFTER 20 MINUTES 47% AFTER 1 DAY 62% AFTER 2 DAYS 69% AFTER 15 DAYS 75% AFTER 31 DAYS 78% Hermann Ebbinghaus

17. When is the best time to review?

18. Review within 20 minutes

19. Ready for a memory test?

20. How did you remember?

21. Memory Techniques

22. Meaningful Organization

23. Memory is like a library

24. If you miss-file a book, You cannot find it. It is still there and you may stumble across it one day.

25. Organize those thoughts! File your books correctly.

26. Organize it.  Learn from the general to the specific  Make it meaningful

27. Remember the Magical Number 7? Organize in Groups of 7 or Less

28. Visualization n Make a mental picture of what you want to remember n Commercials make good use of this technique

29. Recitation n One of the most powerful techniques n Memories exist in the form of a chemical neural trace n Some researchers think it takes 5 seconds to establish this trace n Repeat it 5 times or keep it in your mind for 5 seconds

30. READY FOR THE TEST AGAIN? YOU’LL DO BETTER THIS TIME

31. More Memory Techniques

32. Develop an Interest n We tend to remember what interests us

33. Can You Remember? n Music n Sports n Hobbies n Styles

34. Find Something Interesting in Your College Studies

35. See the Big Picture n Understand the main points first and the details second

36. Imagine trying to see a painting one inch at a time! It is difficult to appreciate or understand.

37. “The essence of genius is knowing what to overlook.” William James

38. Intend to Remember n Tell yourself that you are going to remember.

39. Intend to remember where you put your keys!

40. Distribute the Practice n Learn small amounts at a time n Review frequently

41. EXAMPLE: SAFMEDS SAY ALL FAST ONE MINUTE EACH DAY SHUFFLE

42. Create a Basic Background n We remember by making connections to what we already know n At first college is difficult because you are establishing the basic background

43. Relax While Studying

44. You can’t remember if you are embarrassed

45. Frustrated

46. Tired

47. Memory Tricks

48. Acrostics n Creative rhymes, songs or poems Musical Notes: Every Good Boy Does Fine

49. Acronyms n Create New Words as Memory Aids NASA LASER SCUBA

50. Exercise: Practice with Mnemonics

51. Peg Systems OneBunSixSticks TwoShoeSevenHeaven ThreeTreeEightGate FourDoorNineWine FiveHiveTen Hen

52. Picture the Peg Bun

53. Connect what you want to remember. Use a picture. BunMilk

54. Exercise: Remember a Grocery List

55. Peg Systems OneBunSixSticks TwoShoeSevenHeaven ThreeTreeEightGate FourDoorNineWine FiveHiveTen Hen

56. Loci Systems n Use places to remember n A House n A Hallway

57. Can you strengthen your mind?

58. Exercises to Strengthen the Mind n Puzzles n Music n Fix Something n Art n Dance n Aerobic Exercise n Interesting People

59. Keeping Your Mind Healthy n Exercise n Rest n Balanced, low-fat diet n Eat proteins and carbohydrates n Drink caffeine in moderation n Don’t abuse drugs or alcohol n Use safety gear

60. Part II: Read to Remember

61. Warm Up Your Brain Can You Remember the Grocery List?

62. Peg Systems OneBunSixSticks TwoShoeSevenHeaven ThreeTreeEightGate FourDoorNineWine FiveHiveTen Hen

63. Sum: Apply these super learning techniques n Meaningful Organization n Visualization n Recitation n Develop an Interest n See the Big Picture First n Intend to Remember n Distribute the Practice n Create a Basic Background n Relax

64. Myths About Reading n If I read, I should remember what I read.

65. Generally people cannot remember 50% of of the material they have just read!

66. Myths About Reading n If I read, I should remember what I read. n I do not need to read if I go to class. n Practice makes perfect.

67. SQ4R A shortcut to college reading

68. Read once Instead of Re-reading. Recite for memory improvement

69. Step 1 Survey Question FAST

70. Why? Beginning of speed reading Improves comprehension

71. How? n Quickly look over the chapter n Turn the subtitles into questions

72. Survey n See the big picture n Ease into studying n Warm up n Create a basic background n Get started

73. Question n Read to find answers n Improves reading comprehension n Forces you to concentrate ??

74. Keeps you awake

75. Become an Active Reader

76. Exercise: Surveying and Questioning a Chapter

77. Step 2 Read Recite SLOW FAST

78. This step is most important for Memory

79. How? Read to identify the topic sentence or main idea

80. Underline or highlight the idea if it is important.

81. When reading is tough n Read it again n Look up new words n Read it aloud n Ask the instructor n Stand up and read n Use tutoring n Pretend you understand n Take a break and come back later

82. Read with a Dictionary Use 3X5 cards to learn new words

83. Recite n Most powerful memory technique n Converts information from short term to long term memory n Keeps you alert FAST

84. Step 3 Review Reflect FAST

85. Why? Reinforces memory

86. When? Within 20 Minutes! Most of the forgetting occurs in the first 20 minutes.

87. How to Review n After each main section, review the main points n At the end of the chapter, quickly review the main points one more time n Do your review quickly

88. Reflection is the creative step

89. Reflection n How can I use this? n What is important? n How does it relate? n How can I use it in my career? n Is it true?

90. A step beyond memorization is Wisdom REFLECT

91. Sum:SQ4R

92. Online Reading Strategies What is your purpose for reading? For college material: Scan first. Look for key points. Make note of the important points. Review.

93. What to do if the reading goes in one ear and out the other.

94. What to do if the reading goes in one ear and out the other? n Tell yourself you can do it! n Try visualization. n Look for personal meaning. n Scan for important points. n Talk to the text as you read it.

95. 4 Gears of Reading n Skimming (2000-3000 WPM) n Rapid Reading (300-800 WPM) n Slow Reading (150-300 WPM) n Studying (200 WPM)

96. Guidelines for Marking a Text

97. A Mind Map for Marking a Text BE SELECTIVE 20% “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK”

98. Marking BE SELECTIVE 20 % WHY? MEMORY SAVE TIME “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK”

99. Marking BE SELECTIVE 20 % WHY? MEMORY SAVE TIME GUIDELINES READ FIRST ORGANIZE NOTES IN MARGIN BRIEF FAST AND NEAT “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK”

100. Marking BE SELECTIVE 20 % WHY? MEMORY SAVE TIME GUIDELINES READ FIRST ORGANIZE NOTES IN MARGIN BRIEF FAST AND NEAT SYMBOLS 1 2 3 * “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK”

101. Marking BE SELECTIVE 20 % WHY? MEMORY SAVE TIME GUIDELINES READ FIRST ORGANIZE NOTES IN MARGIN BRIEF FAST AND NEAT SYMBOLS 1 2 3 * “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK”

102. Marking BE SELECTIVE 20 % WHY? MEMORY SAVE TIME GUIDELINES READ FIRST ORGANIZE NOTES IN MARGIN BRIEF FAST AND NEAT SYMBOLS 1 2 3 * “THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWING WHAT TO OVERLOOK” DOUBLE SYSTEM 1. UNDERLINE IN PENCIL 2. HIGHLIGHT AS PART OF REVIEW

103. More Ideas on Text Marking n Point out definitions by writing DEF in the margin. Circle the word being defined. n Point out examples by writing EX in the margin n Write SUM in the margin to point out useful summaries to reread.

104. Group Activity: Make a Mind Map Use How Does the Memory Work?

105. An Example of a Mind Map

106. Patterns of Organization are Keys to Understanding the Main Idea: n Listing Pattern n Sequence Pattern n Definition Pattern n Comparison/Contrast Pattern n Cause/Effect Pattern

107. Understanding the main ideas= Success on tests

108. The Listing Pattern Presents a List of Items n Your task as a reader is to identify all items listed n Watch for clues such as numbers or letters

109. Sequence Pattern n Presents a list of items in a specific order. The order is important. n As a reader, identify and mark all items in the series and note their order. n Again clues are numbers or letters. n Notice words such as then, next, finally

110. Definition Pattern n Presents an explanation of a term n As the reader, understand all parts of the definition n Watch for words such as: is, is defined, this term means, is known as, refers to

111. Comparison/Contrast Pattern n Presents similarities or differences n As a reader, recognize these similarities or differences n For comparisons, notice these words: similarly, likewise, also n For differences, notice these words: however, in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless

112. Cause/Effect Pattern n Presents the reasons things happen (causes) and their results (effects) n As a reader understand the cause and effect n For cause notice these words: causes, produces, leads to, results in n For effect notice these words: results from, was caused by, due to, consequently, therefore

113. Keys to Success: Positive Thinking n You can improve your reading and your life with positive thinking!

114. If you think you are beaten, you are. If you think you dare not, you don’t. If you like to win but think you can’t, It’s almost certain that you won’t. Life’s battles don’t always go To the stronger woman or man, But sooner or later, those who win Are those who think they can.

115. Exercises: Check Your Textbook Reading skills Scenarios