1. The Allies Turn the Tide
Chapter 14
Section 3

2. Total War
To defeat the Axis powers in WWII, the Allies devoted all their resources to the war effort – called total war
Governments took a greater role in the economy
For example: governments ordered factories to make tanks instead of cars and refrigerators
Factories closed during the Great Depression roared back to life putting people back to work
Consumer goods were rationed, and wages and prices were regulated
A positive result of the war was that people went back to work which caused an increase in production that ended the Great Depression

3. Total War
However, governments also limited citizens’ rights, censored the press, and resorted to propaganda
At the same time, women, symbolized by “Rosie the Riveter”, replaced men in factories
Women also played a more direct role in some military operations

4. Rosie the Riveter

5. Women and World War II

6. Pacific Battles
The years 1942 and 1943 marked the turning point of the war for the Americans
In the Pacific, Allied forces won the battles of the Coral Sea and Midway
In both battles, attacks were launched from enormous aircraft carriers
For the first time in naval history, enemy ships never saw each other

7. Aircraft Carriers

8. Pacific Battles

9. Midway Island
Fought entirely from the air. The Americans destroyed four Japanese carriers and 250 planes.
Named Midway Island, it is about half-way between Asia and the United States.

10. Battle of Midway and Coral Sea

11. Battle of Midway and Coral Sea

12. U.S.S. Yorktown (Aircraft Carrier)

13. U.S.S. Enterprise (Aircraft Carrier)

14. North Africa
In North Africa, British and American forces, led by General Dwight Eisenhower, soon trapped Rommel’s army
Rommel surrendered in May, 1943
With North Africa under their control, the Allies crossed the Mediterranean and landed in Sicily
Allied victories in Italy led to the overthrow of Mussolini, but fighting continued for another 18 months

15. General Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Commander—Allied Forces

16. Desert Tank Warfare—North Africa

17. German Panzer Tank

18. Map of Italy
After defeating Rommel in North Africa, the American crossed the Mediterranean, landed in Sicily, then launched an invasion of Italy.

19. Eastern Front
On the Eastern Front, a key turning point was the Battle of Stalingrad
After a German advance on the city and brutal house-to-house fighting, the Soviet army encircled the German troops
Without food or ammunition, the Germans finally surrendered

21. Battle of Stalingrad

22. Battle of Stalingrad

24. D-Day
On June 6, 1944, the Allies launched the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France
Stalin was pleased that the Allies finally opened a second front in Western Europe
Allied troops faced many obstacles as they fought their way into France, but the Germans finally retreated inland
The Allies entered Paris on August 25, 1944
Within a month, all of France was liberated from Nazi occupation

26. D-Day

27. D-Day Beach

28. Beaches of Normandy The five beaches at Normandy were named: Omaha
Utah
Gold
Sword
Juno

29. Invasion Beaches on D-Day (June 6, 1944)

31. D-Day (June 6, 1944)

32. Landing Craft Approaching Normandy

33. Bombing of Germany
As the Allies advanced, Germany reeled from the incessant, around-the-clock bombing
The Allies targeted military and industrial centers in Germany including Hamburg and Dresden
40,000 people died in Hamburg
Up to 135,000 people died in Dresden
Goal – cripple Germany’s industries and destroy civilian morale

34. Bombing of Hamburg and Dresden

35. Battle of the Bulge
A German counterattack against the Allies in bitterly cold December 1944, the Battle of the Bulge, resulted in terrible losses on both sides. The Americans won but the battle delayed the Allied advance for six weeks.

36. Battle of the Bulge

37. Battle of the Bulge

38. Yalta Conference
However, with Germany’s defeat seeming inevitable, the “Big Three”—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—met to plan the end of the war
Stalin insisted that the USSR needed to control E. Europe to protect itself from future aggression
Roosevelt and Churchill favored self-determination for E. Europe – the people’s right to choose their form of government
Key features at this Yalta Conference were the 1) Soviet agreement to enter the war against Japan and 2) the division of Germany into four zones of occupation (British, French, American, and Soviet)
However, growing mistrust at Yalta foreshadowed a split among the Allies that would lead to the Cold War

39. Yalta Conference Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
The “Big Three” – Winston Churchill, President Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin (L to R).

40. Germany Zones of Occupation

41. Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
1. How do you define total war?
2. Who symbolized the war efforts of women as men went off to fight the battles?
3. What happened for the first time in naval history with the launching of planes from aircraft carriers?
4. What American commander defeated Rommel, the “Desert Fox” in North Africa?
5. After Rommel’s defeat, where did the Allies go?
6. What is the name of the German tanks?

42. Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
7. What battle was the key turning point on the Eastern Front?
8. What did the Allies launch on June 6, 1944?
9. What two German cities did the Allies destroy to cripple German industries? (2 points)
10. Which battle was a German counteroffensive against the Allies in December, 1944?
11. Who were the leaders called the “Big Three” (3 points)

43. Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
12. Identify the conference where the “Big Three” met (city and country).
13. What were the two key features of the conference? (2 points)

44. The End