1. : The World at War

2. World War I “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars”
“War of Attrition”

3. Causes of the War

4. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
1. Militarism & Arms Race
The glorification of the military and military expansion
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

5. Europe in 1914

6. 2. The Alliance System
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Russia]
Wilhelm II [Germany]
George V [Britain]
Victor Emmanuel II [Italy]
Franz Josef
[Austria-Hungary]
Enver Pasha [Turkey – Ottoman Empire]
Pres. Poincare [France]

8. 3. Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Nationalism

12. Germany Second Reich Born of Blood and Iron! German Pride!
Alsace Lorraine

13. Italy

14. Balkans: Pan-Slavism
Russia helped fuel Nationalism to help the “Slavic People”
Threat to Austria Hungary and Ottomans who held Slavic territories

15. The “Powder Keg” of Europe
The Balkans
The “Powder Keg” of Europe

16. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Causes of WWI
Remember M.A.I.N.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

17. The “Spark”

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Of Austria (Heir to the throne)

19. The Assassination at Sarajevo, Bosnia

20. The Assassin:
Gavrilo Princip
Serbian terrorist

22. Austria wanted revenge – created an unobtainable ultimatum (final set of demands) Declares war on Serbia
Russia joins in order to protect Serbia (its ally)
Germany declares war on Russia (alliance with Austria)
France joins due to their alliance with Russia (to fight Germans)
Germany declares war with France

23. Germany’s plan to invade France through Belgium
The Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s plan to invade France through Belgium
Fails

25. German Atrocities in Belgium

26. Outraged by the invasion of Belgium and fear of German expansion Britain joins the war
“Great Equalizer”
Looks familiar?

27. Recruitment Posters

28. Recruit
Back by Christmas
Enthusiasm fueled by Nationalism

29. Recruits of the Central Powers
A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
Austro-Hungarians

30. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

32. Women and the War Effort

33. Munitions Workers

34. French Women Factory Workers
Production and Manufacturing

35. German Women Factory Workers

36. Working in the Fields

37. A Woman Ambulance Driver

38. Red Cross Nurses

39. Women in the Army Auxiliary

40. Russian Women Soldiers

41. Spies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!

42. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

43. Australian Poster

44. American Poster

45. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

46. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”
A war in which each side seeks to wear the other out.

48. A Multi-Front War

49. The Western Front

50. Western Front
Trench Warfare

53. Stalemate Deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.
Battle lines remained unchanged

54. area of land between two enemy trench systems
“No Man’s Land”
area of land between two enemy trench systems

55. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

56. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

57. Sacrifices in War

58. Eastern Front Russia under the command of Tsar Nicholas II
Poor commanding
Russia was poorly equipped
Many did not even have rifles
Massive casualties
Trouble at home

59. Russia Leaves World War I
At Home
Poverty hits hard
Russian Revolution
Russia leaves the War
Italy and Balkans continued the fight

60. Pictowords Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Assassination
Trench Warfare
Stalemate

61. The “Colonial” Fronts

62. Sikh British Soldiers in India

63. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

64. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

65. Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

66. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

67. Poison Gas
Machine Gun

68. Barbed Wire

69. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
Heavy artillery

70. U-Boats

71. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

73. French Renault Tank

74. British Tank at Ypres

75. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

76. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

77. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

78. The Zeppelin

79. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

80. America Joins the Allies

81. Reasons for the U.S. Joining the War
Protect Democracy
Both France and Britain had Democratic governments
Protect their economic interests
Britain and France was purchasing supplies from the U.S.

82. The Sinking of the Lusitania

83. The Zimmerman Telegram
Germany asked Mexico to help fight the Americans
Award them with Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

84. The Yanks Are Coming!

85. Americans in the Trenches

86. The Fight 1917- US enters the war Fresh, high morale, spirited
Russia has the Russian Revolution – leaves the war
No longer a two front war
Fresh, high morale, spirited
Ensures victory for the Allies

87. End of the War/ Consequences

88. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

89. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

91. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

92. World War I Casualties

93. Fall of the Empires Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire
Russian Empire

96. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

97. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800

98. Fear of revolt from the Armenians
Genocide -- systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group

99. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points – goals for peace
No secret treaties
Freedom of the Seas
Free Trade
Disarmament
Self-determination
League of Nations

100. Treaty of Versailles

101. Treaty of Versailles Germany was blamed for the war
War Reparations
Germany lost all of its colonies
Kaiser was forced to abdicate
France was given land back from Germany – Alsace Lorraine/Rhineland (buffer zone)
Limited Military
New countries were formed, mixing ethnic groups.
League of Nations was formed without US participation

102. League of Nations International Organization
Fight against aggressive nations
Collective Security
U.S. does not join
US Congress votes against joining

103. Map Activity
Pg 373 Europe 1920
Label and color the countries
Compare this map with the previous
What differences do you see?