2. 174The Battles of World War I ISN pg 174 title: The Battles of World War I Preview: –What is Militarism? How did it lead to WWI? –Who were the members of the Triple Alliance? –Who were the members of the Triple Entente? –How did the Industrial Revolution lead to WWI?

3. The War to End All Wars The Battles of the Great War

4. The Powder Keg in the Balkans By 1914, Europe was in bad situation: countries had large armies & felt glory could be gained by winning war (militarism), were competitive after years of imperialism & rise of nationalism, had large alliances that might pull all countries into war After years of fighting for new territory, great tension in Balkans

5. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated

6. The War Begins ultimatum On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia: OR –Either allow Austria-Hungarian officials to investigate the assassination …OR… –Go to war On July 28,1914 Serbia declined the ultimatum & Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

7. World War 1 Begins Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia & its ally Russia On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on France Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany & Austria-Hungary… …and joined the Allies On August 4, 1914, England declared war on Germany & Austria-Hungary

8. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro-HungariansAustro-Hungarians A German soldier says bye to his mother New French Recruits

10. Schlieffen Plan Problem: Germany had enemies on both west & east borders Solution: Germany could defeat France quickly before Russia could enter war; Then fight Russia

11. The Schlieffen Plan France anticipated a German attack & built up defenses between France & Germany But…the Germans went AROUND these defenses & attacked through Belgium

12. Battle of the Marne & Battle of Tannenberg The Schlieffen Plan seemed to be working as the German army had early wins & seemed ready to take Paris But, English & French saved Paris at the Battle of the Marne Meanwhile, Russia mobilized faster than expected, so Germany had to divert troops from France to fight the Russia army Because France was not taken quickly & Russia got ready too fast, Germany had to abandon the Schlieffen Plan & fight a 2-front war

13. Total War total war World War 1 became the 1 st war to use total war tactics –Governments committed all their nation’s resources & took over industry to win the war –Soldiers were drafted, the media was censored, propaganda was created to support the war –The enemy became the other nation, not just its soldiers

14. Total War New weapons were introduced: Machine guns, tanks, airplanes, flame throwers, poison gas, blimps, heavy artillery, submarines (u-boats) To protect themselves from the enemy, both the Allies & Central Powers built trenches

15. Realities of War Video

17. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

19. French Renault Tank

20. U-Boats

21. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

22. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

23. The Zeppelin

24. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

27. Trench Warfare

28. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

29. Would you have “gone over the top”? “No Man’s Land”

30. Total War Trench warfare made it difficult for either side to win a victory World War I became a war of attrition in which both the Allies & the Central Powers tried to out-last & wear down the enemy

31. Factories on the homefront Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant French Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers

33. Recruitment Posters

34. Anti-German Propaganda

35. A. The Western Front

37. B. The Eastern Front Site of main fighting along the German-Russian border Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat Battle of Tannenberg (1914) Russia suffers a disastrous defeat to Germany. Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many casualties, few supplies Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force for a time -prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western Front In 1918, Russia leaves WWI due to revolution at home

38. C. The Middle East Front

39. The Great War was a “world war” Canada, Australia, & New Zealand supported Britain France & Germany used African troops England used Indian troops Japan joined to take German colonies in South East Asia Ottomans allied with Germany

40. Turkish Cavalry Sikh British Soldiers in India Chinese Soldiers