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Published byLora Bond Modified over 9 years ago
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The Periodic Table Chapter 5 Notes
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Mendeleev ● Designed first periodic table (1869) ● Arranged mostly by increasing atomic mass ● Elements in the same column have similar properties
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Moseley ● Arranged by increasing atomic number
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Periodic Law ● Elements’ physical and chemical properties show a periodic [“repeating”] pattern when arranged by atomic number
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● COLUMN = Group or Family o Similar properties based on the same number of valence electrons o Numbered 1-18 or with Roman numerals ● ROW = Period
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Valence electrons ● Electrons in the outermost shell ● Octet Rule = all atoms want 8 valence electrons to achieve stability o Exceptions: H, He
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Families of the Periodic Table
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Alkali Metals ● Soft ● Most reactive metals
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Noble Gases ● very UNreactive ● “inert”
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Halogens ● Most reactive nonmetals
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Metals ● luster/shiny, good conductors of heat & electricity, malleable, ductile ● LEFT SIDE of periodic table
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Nonmetals ● not shiny, poor conductors, not malleable or ductile, brittle ● RIGHT SIDE of periodic table
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Metalloids ● “semi-metals” ● some properties of metals, some of nonmetals ● touch ZIG-ZAG LINE
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Periodic Trends
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Atomic Radius ● Distance from the nucleus to the outer electrons ● Decreases across a row ● Increases down a column
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Explanation of Atomic Radius increasing down a column
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Explanation of Atomic Radius decreasing across a row
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Electronegativity ● Ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself o Increases across a row o Decreases down a column
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Ionization Energy ● Energy needed to remove an electron ● Increases across a row ● Decreases down a column
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Electron Affinity ● How much an atom wants to gain an electron o Decreases down a column o Increases across a row
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Think about Corners
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Practice- Circle your answer choice Larger atomic radius? 1) Mg or Sr 2) Mg or S Larger electronegativity? 3) P or Sb 4) Ge or Br Larger ionization energy? 5) Ca or Se 6) Ca or Ra
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Ion Size ● Cation – atom loses electron o Atom gets smaller ● Anion – atom gains electron o Atom gets bigger
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Exampl e of Ion Size
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