1. War Breaks Out in Europe World War I: (1914-1918)
Chapter 24, Section 1

3. Essential Question:
What justifies a country going to war?

4. WWI Alliance Role Play…

5. The “Spark” of WWI:
The Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28th, 1914
Assassin was a Serbian Citizen
Austria and Serbia HATED Each Other!

6. The “Powder Keg” of Europe:
Colonel House Came Back from Europe (1914) and Reported to Woodrow Wilson that Europe is a “Open Keg of Gun Powder!”
All it Needs is a SPARK for a World War to Break Out!
What Did he Mean by Europe being a “Powder Keg?”

7. 4 Underlying Causes of WWI: “The Powder Keg”
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
Alliances
“The Spark” = Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

9. Imperialism in Africa 1914
Britain, France, Germany and Italy Had Colonies in Africa & Asia
Germany had VERY FEW Colonies in Africa and None in Asia! (Jealous)
All European Countries Wanted Colonies to Get Rich and Powerful!!!

12. Nationalism
Feelings of Pride, Loyalty, and Being Protective of Your Country
Nationalism = Want to Prove Your Country is the Best!!!
Willing to Defend/Fight For Your Country!!!

16. Nationalism Continued…
Tell Story of Post 9/11 Commercials
Play “Proud To Be An American” on IPod
Play Whitney Houston’s National Anthem on IPod/You Tube at Super Bowl (1991 War in Iraq)

17. Militarism
Belief that Country Needs a Large Military to Be Powerful!!!
European Countries Were Building Up their Armies & Navies Prior to WWI
If You Build 1 Tank, I Have to Build 2. If I Have 2, You Build 4. If I Have 4…

19. Alliances Think of OUR WWI Role Play…
A Small Fight Becomes a HUGE War if Everyone is Involved!!!
Central Powers vs. Allies

20. Central Powers:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) & Bulgaria
Why Do You Think They Were Called the Central Powers?
What Might They Have Been AFRAID Of?

22. The Allies
Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy and 7 Other Countries

25. Germany’s 1st Goal: France
Germany 1st Wanted to Take Over France
Had to Go Through Belgium to Get to France
Germany Wanted to Capture Paris – The Capital of France
Why do You ALWAYS Capture the Capital 1st? (9/11/01)

26. Europe

27. 1914 Europe

28. 1st Battle of the Marne

29. 1st Battle of the Marne River
Germans Conquer Belgium and Reach the Marne River (40 Miles Outside of Paris)
British Helped the French STOP Germany’s Advance
Trench Warfare Started!!!

32. Trench Warfare

42. Trench Warfare Trench Warfare Lasted for 3+ Years
Battle Lines Remained Virtually the Same ( )
Neither Side Could Win a Clear Victory
Trenches Stretched From the English Channel All the Way Through France to Switzerland

44. Battle of the Somme Occurred for 5 Months in 1916
Over 1.2 Million Soldiers Killed:
British Lost 400,000+
German Lost 600,000+
French 200,000+
Only Won 7 Miles of Land (Valhalla to Pleasantville)

46. Trench Foot Soldiers Had to Stay in the Trenches
Avoided Sniper Fire/Artillery Shells Machine Gun Fire
Lived in Mud for Years! (Rats too!)
Where Do YOU Go the Bathroom?

48. New Technologies of WWI
Everyone Thought WWI Would Be Over Quickly Because of New Weapons
New Technologies Led to MORE DEATH!!!

49. WWI Tanks British Invented Tanks!
Smashed Through Barbed Wire, Crossed Trenches, Cleared Paths

52. WWI Machine Guns Machine Guns Were Used for the 1st Time During WWI
Fired 600 Bullets Per Minute
Machine Guns Caused Trench Warfare
More Death!!!

53. Poisonous Gas
Both the Central Powers and the Allies Used Poisonous Gas During WWI
1st Time in World History Chemical Weapons Were Used
Burned/Blinded Soldiers
Led to More Death!!!

56. World War I Airplanes 1st Time Airplanes Were Used for War
Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron) – Shot Down 80 Allied Planes
Used More for Reconnaissance

59. German U-Boats (Submarines)

61. U-Boats Germans Were the 1st to Have Submarines
Used U-Boats to Block Trade and Sink Supply Ships
Extremely Hard to Destroy (Can’t See Them!)
Led to More Death!!!

62. Woodrow Wilson President of USA During WWI
Trustbuster/Clayton Anti-Trust Act/ Federal Reserve Act/ 18th & 19th Amendments
Did NOT Want to Enter USA into WWI

63. U.S. Stays Neutral Wilson Kept the U.S. OUT of WWI (At 1st)
Claimed to be NEUTRAL (Not in Favor of Either Side)
U.S. DID Trade with the Allies – NOT with the Central Powers
Why Do YOU Think the U.S. Favored the Allies?

64. British Naval Blockade
Britain Put a Naval Blockade Around German Ports
Germany Couldn’t Get Supplies!!!
Germany Responded by Using U-Boats to Sink ALL Merchant Ships Around England!!!

67. Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare
Germans Sank ALL Merchant Ships Heading for Britain

71. The Lusitania Germans Sank British Cruise Liner Lusitania in 1915
1,198 Innocent People Died
128 Were Americans
U.S. WAS VERY ANGRY!!!

75. United States Does NOT Declare WAR!!!
United States is Very ANGRY at Germany:
Lusitania Was a Peaceful Ship
128 Americans Were on Board!
Wilson DEMANDS that Germany STOP Unrestricted Submarine Warfare!!!
Germany Agrees (For a Little While)

76. Very Famous Who Sent the “Notice?” Who Was the “Notice” Sent to?
What Did the “Notice” Warn Customers of?

77. Presidential Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson Wins Election of 1916
“He Kept Us Out of War”
Germany Breaks Its’ Promise to U.S. After the Election and Starts Sinking Ships Again!!!
Germany Knows U.S. Will Enter WWI Soon!!!

79. The Zimmermann Telegram
Telegram Intercepted by the British
Written by Arthur Zimmermann, Foreign Minister of Germany
Written to Mexico
Asked Mexico to Invade the U.S.

81. The “Zimmermann Deal”
If U.S. Joins WWI, Mexico Has to Join the Central Powers
Mexico Has to Invade the U.S.
After WWI, Mexico Would Get ALL Land Lost in the Mexican American War!!!
The Mexican Cession!

83. Why Would Germany Want Mexico to Invade the U.S.?

84. The Zimmermann Telegram “Conspiracy”
Who Intercepted the Telegram Again???
Hmmmmmm……
What Might Be the Conspiracy Theory Behind the Telegram?
Did the U.S. Go to War After the Zimmermann Telegram?

85. The “Final Straw” Germany Continued Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany Sank 3 More American Ships
Woodrow Wilson Asked for a Declaration of War from Congress on April 2nd, 1917
U.S. Entered WWI!

86. U.S. Enters WWI
“The world must be made safe for democracy… We desire no conquest… We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made secure.
Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress, April 2nd, 1917

87. Czar Nicholas II Huge Russian Army was Losing in 1915
Czar Nicholas Took Over the Russian Army:
Poor Leader
More Russian Soldiers Got Killed
Made Bad Decisions
By 1917, Russians Citizens Had No Food, Riots, Inflation, Striking Workers
Russians HATED Czar Nicholas II

88. The 1917 Russian Revolution
The Russian People HATED Czar Nicholas II
Czar Nicholas II and His Family Fled Russia
Fear of Assassination
The Bolsheviks Took Over:
Promised Peace, Bread, and Get Back Land Back Lost

89. The Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin was the Leader of the Bolsheviks
Bolsheviks Promised to End Russian Involvement in WWI and Get Land Lost Back!
Lenin Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Russia Got Out of WWI

91. The Soviet Union & Communism Was Born!!!

92. Communism Communism is a Form of Socialism
Communism is a Political System in Which the Government Controls Everything!
There is NO Private Property!
Russia Became Known as the U.S.S.R.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
SOVIET UNION

95. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When Russians Dropped Out of the War, Germany Sent All of their Troops to Invade France in the West
U.S. Had to Come Quickly or Central Powers Would WIN!
Russia Did Get Land Back Lost in WWI!
Bolsheviks and Lenin Were Heroes to the Russian People

97. Essential Question:
What justifies a country going to war?