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War Breaks Out in Europe World War I: ( )

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1 War Breaks Out in Europe World War I: (1914-1918)
Chapter 24, Section 1

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3 Essential Question: What justifies a country going to war?

4 WWI Alliance Role Play…

5 The “Spark” of WWI: The Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28th, 1914 Assassin was a Serbian Citizen Austria and Serbia HATED Each Other!

6 The “Powder Keg” of Europe:
Colonel House Came Back from Europe (1914) and Reported to Woodrow Wilson that Europe is a “Open Keg of Gun Powder!” All it Needs is a SPARK for a World War to Break Out! What Did he Mean by Europe being a “Powder Keg?”

7 4 Underlying Causes of WWI: “The Powder Keg”
Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances “The Spark” = Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

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9 Imperialism in Africa 1914 Britain, France, Germany and Italy Had Colonies in Africa & Asia Germany had VERY FEW Colonies in Africa and None in Asia! (Jealous) All European Countries Wanted Colonies to Get Rich and Powerful!!!

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12 Nationalism Feelings of Pride, Loyalty, and Being Protective of Your Country Nationalism = Want to Prove Your Country is the Best!!! Willing to Defend/Fight For Your Country!!!

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16 Nationalism Continued…
Tell Story of Post 9/11 Commercials Play “Proud To Be An American” on IPod Play Whitney Houston’s National Anthem on IPod/You Tube at Super Bowl (1991 War in Iraq)

17 Militarism Belief that Country Needs a Large Military to Be Powerful!!! European Countries Were Building Up their Armies & Navies Prior to WWI If You Build 1 Tank, I Have to Build 2. If I Have 2, You Build 4. If I Have 4…

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19 Alliances Think of OUR WWI Role Play…
A Small Fight Becomes a HUGE War if Everyone is Involved!!! Central Powers vs. Allies

20 Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) & Bulgaria Why Do You Think They Were Called the Central Powers? What Might They Have Been AFRAID Of?

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22 The Allies Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy and 7 Other Countries

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25 Germany’s 1st Goal: France
Germany 1st Wanted to Take Over France Had to Go Through Belgium to Get to France Germany Wanted to Capture Paris – The Capital of France Why do You ALWAYS Capture the Capital 1st? (9/11/01)

26 Europe

27 1914 Europe

28 1st Battle of the Marne

29 1st Battle of the Marne River
Germans Conquer Belgium and Reach the Marne River (40 Miles Outside of Paris) British Helped the French STOP Germany’s Advance Trench Warfare Started!!!

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32 Trench Warfare

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42 Trench Warfare Trench Warfare Lasted for 3+ Years
Battle Lines Remained Virtually the Same ( ) Neither Side Could Win a Clear Victory Trenches Stretched From the English Channel All the Way Through France to Switzerland

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44 Battle of the Somme Occurred for 5 Months in 1916
Over 1.2 Million Soldiers Killed: British Lost 400,000+ German Lost 600,000+ French 200,000+ Only Won 7 Miles of Land (Valhalla to Pleasantville)

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46 Trench Foot Soldiers Had to Stay in the Trenches
Avoided Sniper Fire/Artillery Shells Machine Gun Fire Lived in Mud for Years! (Rats too!) Where Do YOU Go the Bathroom?

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48 New Technologies of WWI
Everyone Thought WWI Would Be Over Quickly Because of New Weapons New Technologies Led to MORE DEATH!!!

49 WWI Tanks British Invented Tanks!
Smashed Through Barbed Wire, Crossed Trenches, Cleared Paths

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52 WWI Machine Guns Machine Guns Were Used for the 1st Time During WWI
Fired 600 Bullets Per Minute Machine Guns Caused Trench Warfare More Death!!!

53 Poisonous Gas Both the Central Powers and the Allies Used Poisonous Gas During WWI 1st Time in World History Chemical Weapons Were Used Burned/Blinded Soldiers Led to More Death!!!

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56 World War I Airplanes 1st Time Airplanes Were Used for War
Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron) – Shot Down 80 Allied Planes Used More for Reconnaissance

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59 German U-Boats (Submarines)

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61 U-Boats Germans Were the 1st to Have Submarines
Used U-Boats to Block Trade and Sink Supply Ships Extremely Hard to Destroy (Can’t See Them!) Led to More Death!!!

62 Woodrow Wilson President of USA During WWI
Trustbuster/Clayton Anti-Trust Act/ Federal Reserve Act/ 18th & 19th Amendments Did NOT Want to Enter USA into WWI

63 U.S. Stays Neutral Wilson Kept the U.S. OUT of WWI (At 1st)
Claimed to be NEUTRAL (Not in Favor of Either Side) U.S. DID Trade with the Allies – NOT with the Central Powers Why Do YOU Think the U.S. Favored the Allies?

64 British Naval Blockade
Britain Put a Naval Blockade Around German Ports Germany Couldn’t Get Supplies!!! Germany Responded by Using U-Boats to Sink ALL Merchant Ships Around England!!!

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67 Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare
Germans Sank ALL Merchant Ships Heading for Britain

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71 The Lusitania Germans Sank British Cruise Liner Lusitania in 1915
1,198 Innocent People Died 128 Were Americans U.S. WAS VERY ANGRY!!!

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75 United States Does NOT Declare WAR!!!
United States is Very ANGRY at Germany: Lusitania Was a Peaceful Ship 128 Americans Were on Board! Wilson DEMANDS that Germany STOP Unrestricted Submarine Warfare!!! Germany Agrees (For a Little While)

76 Very Famous Who Sent the “Notice?” Who Was the “Notice” Sent to?
What Did the “Notice” Warn Customers of?

77 Presidential Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson Wins Election of 1916 “He Kept Us Out of War” Germany Breaks Its’ Promise to U.S. After the Election and Starts Sinking Ships Again!!! Germany Knows U.S. Will Enter WWI Soon!!!

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79 The Zimmermann Telegram
Telegram Intercepted by the British Written by Arthur Zimmermann, Foreign Minister of Germany Written to Mexico Asked Mexico to Invade the U.S.

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81 The “Zimmermann Deal” If U.S. Joins WWI, Mexico Has to Join the Central Powers Mexico Has to Invade the U.S. After WWI, Mexico Would Get ALL Land Lost in the Mexican American War!!! The Mexican Cession!

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83 Why Would Germany Want Mexico to Invade the U.S.?

84 The Zimmermann Telegram “Conspiracy”
Who Intercepted the Telegram Again??? Hmmmmmm…… What Might Be the Conspiracy Theory Behind the Telegram? Did the U.S. Go to War After the Zimmermann Telegram?

85 The “Final Straw” Germany Continued Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany Sank 3 More American Ships Woodrow Wilson Asked for a Declaration of War from Congress on April 2nd, 1917 U.S. Entered WWI!

86 U.S. Enters WWI “The world must be made safe for democracy… We desire no conquest… We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made secure. Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress, April 2nd, 1917

87 Czar Nicholas II Huge Russian Army was Losing in 1915
Czar Nicholas Took Over the Russian Army: Poor Leader More Russian Soldiers Got Killed Made Bad Decisions By 1917, Russians Citizens Had No Food, Riots, Inflation, Striking Workers Russians HATED Czar Nicholas II

88 The 1917 Russian Revolution
The Russian People HATED Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas II and His Family Fled Russia Fear of Assassination The Bolsheviks Took Over: Promised Peace, Bread, and Get Back Land Back Lost

89 The Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin was the Leader of the Bolsheviks
Bolsheviks Promised to End Russian Involvement in WWI and Get Land Lost Back! Lenin Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Russia Got Out of WWI

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91 The Soviet Union & Communism Was Born!!!

92 Communism Communism is a Form of Socialism
Communism is a Political System in Which the Government Controls Everything! There is NO Private Property! Russia Became Known as the U.S.S.R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics SOVIET UNION

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95 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When Russians Dropped Out of the War, Germany Sent All of their Troops to Invade France in the West U.S. Had to Come Quickly or Central Powers Would WIN! Russia Did Get Land Back Lost in WWI! Bolsheviks and Lenin Were Heroes to the Russian People

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97 Essential Question: What justifies a country going to war?


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