1. 1914-1919

2.  “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”  “THE GREAT WAR”  THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL WAR-the “military- Industrial-Complex”  MORE PEOPLE KILLED THAN IN ALL PREVIOUS WARS-COMBINED

3.  Europeans leaders thought their goals could only be achieved by force  The glorification of armed strength took rise during this time  Otherwise known as militarism  Mobilization of military was also important  Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

4. 1. MILITARISM-THE BELIEF THAT WAR IS THE BEST ANSWER TO INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS --MILITARY LEADERS GAIN POLITICAL POWER --INCREASED TAXES TO PAY FOR WEAPONS “MOBILIZATION MEANS WAR”

5. 2. ALLIANCES- DO THEY CAUSE OR PREVENT WAR? ---NO ONE WANTED TO BE LEFT ALONE AND VULNERABLE TWO POWERFUL ALLIANCES EMERGE THE AXIS:-GERMANY, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY,ITALY,TURKEY THE ALLIES (ENTENTE)-FRANCE, ENGLAND, RUSSIA, SERBIA AND (LATER), U.S. EFFECT- A LOCAL CONFLICT CAN LEAD TO A BIGGER WAR

6. 3. IMPERIALISM-COMPETITION FOR COLONIES LED TO ANGER AND TENSION 4. NATIONALISM-ENGLAND AND FRANCE AND GERMANY WERE BITTER ABOUT THE PAST AND DISTRUSTFUL OF EACH OTHER. EACH WANTED TO RULE EUROPE --GROWTH OF PAN-SLAVISM IN THE EAST. AUSTRIA, THE BALKANS AND THE OTTOMANS WERE FORCES IN E. EUROPE

7.  The Triple Alliance  Italy  Germany  Austria-Hungary  The Triple Entente  France  Russia Also had a secret alliance with Italy  Great Britain

8.  Pan-Slavism  Uniting of all Slavic people under one government  Austria – Hungary was opposed to this  The arch-duke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated by a Serbia terrorist  An ultimatum was made by A-HE Serbia must suppress all groups that opposed the throne dismiss teachers and destroy books that did not support throne dismiss government officials that did not support throne  Austria declared war on Serbia in July of 1914

9.  Russia supported Serbia  Began to mobilize troops  Germany told them to stop or face war  Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality  Marched through Belgium on the way to France  England declared war later that day

10.  Belligerents or offending nations became known as the Central Powers  Central Powers had more rapid communications and movement  Better army  Allied Powers had more:  Soldiers  Better industry  Better navy

11.  Machine gun  U-boat  Submarines  Poison gas  Airplane  Tank  Propaganda  Selected bits of information to promote cause

12.  Fighting on Gallipoli  Peninsula off of Constantinople  Naval warfare  French and British ships bombarded Ottoman Empire  The British and Germans set up blockades Germans sank a cruise liner, killing 128 Americans Received a stern warning from President Woodrow Wilson  The stalemate – a war of attrition  Each side was trying to outlast the other

13.  REASONS: 1. ZIMMERMANN NOTE 2. LUSITANIA SUNK-1915 3. UNRESTRICTED GERMAN SUB WARFARE 4. RUSSIA PULLS OUT 5. PRESSURE FROM IMMIGRANTS WOODROW WILSON DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY TO”MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY” “WE DIDN’T COME TO DIG TRENCHES”

14.  The German foreign minister sent a secret telegram to Mexico requesting an alliance  Offered to help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if they would fight on German side  The British intercepted it, and they published it in American newspapers  Unrestricted submarine warfare cost many innocent American lives

15.  Causes of Russian Uprising  Poverty  Suppression of democracy  Weak Duma  Military took the side of the demonstrators

16.  Two groups in Russia after revolution  One that was trying to piece nation back together Mensheviks Promised to continue war  One that was more radical Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin Slogan was peace, bread, and land Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies Soviet means council Appealed to the poor Russian masses Named their new party the Communist Party (video)video

17.  Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers  Gave up some land  Executed Czar and family  Communists fought socialist opposition  Led to Civil War Reds – Communists Whites – counter revolutionary army Reds won after three years and named the new nation the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics (USSR)

18. 1. LENIN LAUNCHES THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THEN PULLS RUSSIA OUT OF THE WAR 2. THE US. ENTERS 3. WILSON ISSUES THE “14 POINTS”-CALLS FOR --FREEDOM OF THE SEAS --FREE TRADE --REDUCTION OF ARMS --NO SECRET TREATIES -- SELF-DETERMINATION -- AN INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF NATIONS (U.N.) –LEAGUE OF NATIONS GAVE EVERYONE REASONS TO END THE WAR

19.  When the war ended President Wilson came up with 14 Points to make the world a more just place  Six general points to ensure a just and safer world No secret treaties Freedom of the seas for all nations Removal of all economic barriers – tariffs, etc. Adjustment of colonial claims to make them fair to both the imperialist powers and to colonies Establishment of a “general association of nations”  Eight points dealt with specific regions and countries  The points impressed people throughout the world  Video Video

20.  Individual treaties with each offending country  No draft  Maximum of 100,000 men  No heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines  Ally occupation of Rhineland  Reparation were to be paid by Germany at no determined amount or time period  Poland made independent nation  Alsace Lorraine was returned to France

21.  Two goals  Maintain peace  Promote international cooperation  Organization  Assembly Representatives of all member nations  Council Consisted of 9 main countries to ensure peace  World Court  The start of the League  42 member nations grew to 59 by the 1940s

22. 1. 9 MILLION DEAD 2. 20 MILLION MORE WOULD DIE FROM A WORLD WIDE FLU PANDEMIC 3. CITIES, FARMS,ROADS, RAILROADS DESTROYED 4. BILLIONS OF $ SPENT 5. UNSTABLE GOVERNMENTS 6. HARD FEELINGS REMAIN “UNFINISHED BUSINESS” 7. SET STAGE FOR WW II