1. Chapter 11, Section 2 America Tips the Balance of Power
Objectives:
Described how the U.S. mobilized for the war.
Summarize U.S. battlefield successes.
Identify the new weapons and the medical problems faced in WWI.
Describe U.S. offensives and the end of the war.

2. American Ace –Eddie Rickenbacker

3. Manfred Von Richtohofen “The Red Baron”

4. “You’re in the Army Now”

5. How did the U.S. raise an army?
1917 – only 200,000 men in the service
Selective Service Act – May, 1917
Required men 18 to 45 to register
24 million registered
2 million  Europe ( most had not attended high school and 20% foreign born)
Wide acceptance – believed this was the “war to end all wars”

6. “You’re in the Army Now”
Selective Service Act
24 million register
2.8 million are drafted
2 million volunteer
Democratic procedures controlled by local draft boards
New IQ test shows illiteracy at 25%
“The military tent will rank next to the public schools among the great agents of democratization,” Teddy Roosevelt.

8. How did the US transport troops to Europe safely?
Convoy system – heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships
230 mile barrier of mines in the North Sea – kept U-boats out of the Atlantic
Only 637 Americans lost to U-boat attacks during transport to Europe
Losses went from 900,000 tons/month to 200,000

9. What was the role of American troops in Europe?
Doughboys
General John J. Pershing
Did not want to integrate with European forces
Thought Europeans were too accustomed to defensive action
Wanted to save his troops for offensive action

12. General “Blackjack” Pershing
Americans in Battle
Commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Believed in the total destruction of his enemy
Hated the defensive nature of the trenches
General “Blackjack” Pershing

13. Americans in Battle The Convoy System

14. What were African American expectations?
Supported war effort
Hoped cooperation would improve their situation
Experienced equality in France
Frustrated at home
Intolerance increased

15. Racism in the Military Segregated units or exclusion Low status jobs
Overt racism and violence
200,000 serve in France with 1 in 5 experiencing combat
The 369th Harlem Hellfighters fought with the French
191 days in the trenches
French award them the Croix de Guerre

17. Eugene Bullard was the first black military pilot and the only black pilot in World War I.

18. Old Weapons of War

19. New Weapons of War

20. French artillery loading gas canisters

22. British soldiers blinded by mustard gas

23. The effects of mustard gas

24. Flame Throwers

25. Krupp Railroad Gun

27. WW I Tank

31. Alvin York Meuse-Argonne Killed 25 Germans With help captured 32 more
Conscientious Objector
Meuse-Argonne
Killed 25 Germans
With help captured 32 more

33. What caused the collapse of Germany?
Nov. 3, 1918 Austria Hungary surrendered
Critical food shortages and prospect of U.S. reinforcements for the Allies
14 Points…
Nov. 9, socialist leaders in Berlin established the German Republic
Kaiser abdicated
November 11, 1918 – cease – fire - armistice

34. What was the cost of the war?
Europe
22 million – more than ½ civilians
20 million wounded
10 million refugees
U.S.
52,000 died in battle
62,000 died of disease
200,000 wounded

35. Dead & Wounded Stats