1. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table I.S tructure of matter A. What is Matter? –M–M–M–Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (Volume) B. What isn’t Matter? –L–L–L–Light and Heat do not take up space nor do they have a mass.

2. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table C. What makes up matter? –Early Ideas: »_________________________________ _________________________________ ▫ Believed the universe to be made of ___________ and _______ were so small they could not be broken down any more ▫He Called the tiny pieces _______ ▫_____ in Greek means: “________________” “Atoms” Cannot be divided empty spacetiny bits Atom Democritus (460 B.C – 370 B.C.) A Greek Philosopher

3. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table C. What makes up matter? –_______________________ »A French Chemist (1743-1794) »Known as ___________________________ »Showed through experiments, that matter has the same ___________and _____ a change of state or form (ex.___________) »From his experiments came ____________________________ ▫ Matter is neither __________________ ▫__________________ from one form to another The father of Modern Chemistry Antoine L LL Lavoisier (la VWAH see ay) The law of conservation of matter created or destroyed mass beforeafter fire and rust Matter only changes Very Important! You will see this on CRT’s so HIGHLIG HT

4. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table D. Models of the Atom –_______________ »An English Schoolteacher and chemist____________ »Proposed the first ______________ theory »The _______________________ contained five parts 1. All matter is __________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. All ______ of a given ________ are __________ 2. All ______ of a given ________ are __________ 3. Atoms cannot be _____________________________ 3. Atoms cannot be _____________________________ 4. In chemical reactions, _________________________ ___________________________________________ 4. In chemical reactions, _________________________ ___________________________________________ 5. In chemical reactions, atoms combine with each other in ___________________________to form combined atoms 5. In chemical reactions, atoms combine with each other in ___________________________to form combined atoms John Dalton 1766–1844 modern atomic Atomic Theory of Matter Composed of very small particles called atoms AtomsElementIdentical created, destroyed, or subdivided atoms combine with or separate from other atoms simple, whole-number ratios

5. D. Models of the Atom –_______________ »_____________________________ »Conducted experiments using a _________________ »From his experiments he discovered _______ contained __________________________ ▫The negative charged particle is called an ________ ◦ An _________ is ______ the mass of the _______ atom, the _________ atom. ◦ Thomson’s model of the atom had electrons spread throughout a ____________________. Like _____________________________. J. J. Thomson Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table British Scientist 1856 – 1940 Cathode Ray Tube Atoms Negatively Charged Particles Electron Electron1/1,837Smallest Hydrogen ball of positive charge Chocolate chips in cookie dough

6. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table D. Models of the Atom –_______________ »An _______________________1871 – 1937 »Known as the ______________________ »Was a student of _____________ »From experiments with X-Rays, he discovered the atom contained_______________________. These were called ________ »He also concluded the _____________ was found in the _________________. The center was called ____________ The Nucleus Ernest Rutherford New Zealander Physicist Father of Nuclear Physics J. J. Thomson Positive charged particles Protons positive charge center of the atom

7. Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic Table D. Models of the Atom –_________ »A _______________ 1885 – 1962 »Arranged __________ in atoms according to ____________ ▫ _________________ is closest to the nucleus and contains only __________ ▫__________________ are further from the nucleus and contain _____________ ▫ Many scientist thought the electrons traveled around the nucleus in orbits like planets around the sun. Later this was shown to be incorrect Niels Bohr Danish Physicist electrons Energy levels Lowest energy level 2 electrons Higher energy levels more electrons