1. Matt Ortega P. 6 Unit 10

2. Prompt 2010-Compare and contrast the goals and achievements of the feminist movement in the period circa 1850-1920 with those of the feminist movement in the period 1945 to the present. 2010-Compare and contrast the goals and achievements of the feminist movement in the period circa 1850-1920 with those of the feminist movement in the period 1945 to the present.

3. Background: 1850-1920 Industrial age Women are not a common sight in the workplace, which at this time was mostly factory work. Only in struggling family’s did women work alongside men. Separate spheres “the wife as the mother and homemaker, the husband as wage earner.” Discrimination of women in the workplace was great Lacked basic legal rights Well paying jobs were off limits Husbands were unsympathetic Women were almost always payed less than men for an equal amount of work

4. Background: 1850-1920 cont. English law stated that women had no legal identity and hence no right to own property in her name. Napoleonic code preserved the principle of female subordination

5. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920 Goals Women wanted freedom from discrimination in education and employment including: Access to higher education Access to higher employment Adequate income Full legal rights

6. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920 The First Front Organizations were founded by middle class feministsOrganizations were founded by middle class feminists These organizations campaigned for equal rightsThese organizations campaigned for equal rights Realized that paied work could relieve the monotony that women had found and put greater meaning in their livesRealized that paied work could relieve the monotony that women had found and put greater meaning in their lives Followed in the footsteps of Mary WollstonecraftFollowed in the footsteps of Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of WomanA Vindication of the Rights of Woman “The rights of women should be respected”“The rights of women should be respected”

7. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920 The Second Front Marxism Women were inspired by the socialist movement Socialist women leaders argued that the liberation of working-class women would come only through the liberation of the entire working class

8. Accomplishments on both Fronts 1882-English law gives women full property rights1882-English law gives women full property rights 1880- Women become more commonplace in professional and white-collar jobs1880- Women become more commonplace in professional and white-collar jobs The right to vote is slowly granted in individual European countriesThe right to vote is slowly granted in individual European countries Finland-1906Finland-1906 Norway-1913Norway-1913 Denmark and Iceland-1915Denmark and Iceland-1915 The Netherlands-1917The Netherlands-1917 Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sweden-1918Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sweden-1918 Germany and Luxembourg-1919Germany and Luxembourg-1919

9. Background: 1945-Present Child rearing no longer took the energy and time that it had throughout all of historyChild rearing no longer took the energy and time that it had throughout all of history As a result women could go out and seek jobs for themselves, in the booming economy of the 50’s-70’sAs a result women could go out and seek jobs for themselves, in the booming economy of the 50’s-70’s Women still faced long established discrimination in:Women still faced long established discrimination in: PayPay Advancement in occupationAdvancement in occupation Occupational choice in comparison to menOccupational choice in comparison to men Most women could still only find part-time workMost women could still only find part-time work

10. The Feminist Movement: 1945-Present Goals Genuine gender equality and the promotion of general interests of women Genuine gender equality and the promotion of general interests of women In addition to equal wages and the like, women also sought psychological satisfaction from their workIn addition to equal wages and the like, women also sought psychological satisfaction from their work

11. Significant Women and their Works Simone de Beavoir (1908-1986)Simone de Beavoir (1908-1986) French writer and philosopherFrench writer and philosopher The Second Sex (1949)The Second Sex (1949) Theorized that women, while in essence free, were and always had been trapped within inflexible and limiting conditionsTheorized that women, while in essence free, were and always had been trapped within inflexible and limiting conditions Only through creative assertiveness could women truly escape the role of the “inferior other”Only through creative assertiveness could women truly escape the role of the “inferior other” Betty Friedan (1924-2006)Betty Friedan (1924-2006) American writer, activist, and feministAmerican writer, activist, and feminist The Feminine MystiqueThe Feminine Mystique Women were living in a sexist world, where they as a people had not been allowed to become mature, fully functioning adults and genuine human beingsWomen were living in a sexist world, where they as a people had not been allowed to become mature, fully functioning adults and genuine human beings Believed that they were instead expected to conform to male standards and live only for their husbands and childrenBelieved that they were instead expected to conform to male standards and live only for their husbands and children Founded the National Organization for Women (NOW)Founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded to press even harder for women’s rightsFounded to press even harder for women’s rights

12. Significant Women and their Works cont. NOW quickly gained recognition, from 700 members in 1967 to over 40,000 in 1974NOW quickly gained recognition, from 700 members in 1967 to over 40,000 in 1974 With the success of NOW, many other organizations rose all throughout Europe and the USWith the success of NOW, many other organizations rose all throughout Europe and the US

13. Strategy Throughout the feminist movement there was one common strategy:Throughout the feminist movement there was one common strategy: Enter the “arena” of politics and slowly begin to change the policies and laws regarding womenEnter the “arena” of politics and slowly begin to change the policies and laws regarding women The de-criminalization of abortion served as a rallying point in building and mobilizing an effective and self- conscious movement in Europe.The de-criminalization of abortion served as a rallying point in building and mobilizing an effective and self- conscious movement in Europe.

14. Accomplishments New workplace statutes throughout Europe include:New workplace statutes throughout Europe include: Laws against discriminationLaws against discrimination “Equal pay for equal work” (Sweden 1947)“Equal pay for equal work” (Sweden 1947) Maternal leave Sweden (19478)Maternal leave Sweden (19478) Affordable child care, designed to help women combine careers and family responsibilitiesAffordable child care, designed to help women combine careers and family responsibilities Abortion is legalizedAbortion is legalized Women are formally accepted into the military (Russia- 1942)Women are formally accepted into the military (Russia- 1942)