1. Drill: Draw 3 possible LDDs for: C4H8OC4H8O

2. Molecular Solids Covalently bound molecules held together by intermolecular forces (asphalt or ice)

3. Solids

4. Solid or Crystal Any substance that has a well defined crystal structure

5. Molecular Solids Non-conductors Insoluble in water mostly Low MP & BP Held by intermolecular F

6. Intermolecular Forces Instantaneous weak forces that hold one molecule to another or to another part of itself

7. Importance of H-bonding Hydrogen bonding will have a profound effect on the strength of the bond; thus, will cause a tremendous increase of the BP or MP.

9. Network Molecular Solids or Macromolecules Bound by a continuous network of covalent bonds High MP, insoluble, non- conductor

10. Ionic Solids Ions or ionic compounds held together by electrostatic charge F attraction = Kq 1 q 2 /d 2

11. Ionic Solids Non-conductors as solids Conductors in solution Soluble in water mostly Very high MP & BP Brittle

12. Metallic Solids Conductors, insoluble in water mostly, high MP & BP, held by gravitational type force F attraction = Gm 1 m 2 /d 2

13. Crystal Solid Any substance that has a well defined crystal structure

14. Crystal Lattice The three dimensional arrangement of unit cells in a crystal structure

15. Unit Cell The smallest repeating unit that a crystal structure can be divided into

18. Drill: Describe unit cells & crystal lattice

19. Simple Cube Unit cell with one atom at each vertex 1 atom/cell

21. http://departments.kings. edu/chemlab/animation/i ndex.html Great website

22. Body Centered Cube BCC Unit cell with one atom at each vertex & one atom in the center of the cube 2 atoms/cell

24. Face Centered Cube FCC or CCP Unit cell with one atom at each vertex & one atom on each face of the cube 4 atoms/cell

28. Hydrated Crystal A solid with water in the crystal CuSO 4 *5H 2 O

29. Anhydrous Solid A crystal without water

30. Hygroscopic Crystals that absorb moisture from the air

31. Deliquescent Crystals that absorb enough moisture from the air to liquify

32. Efflorescent Crystals that give up water to the surroundings

33. Polymorphous When a single substance can have multiple crystal structures

35. Isomorphous When different substances have the same crystal structure

36. Amorphous Solid A solid w/o a well defined crystal structure Super-cooled liquid

37. Liquid Crystals Part solid & part liquid Has a well defined crystal structure in 1 or 2 but not all 3 dimensions

38. Liquid A substance that holds together loosely, but has no structure in any dimension

39. Solid Definite size & shape Particles vibrate about fixed points

40. Liquid Definite size but no shape Particles vibrate about moving points

41. Gas No definite size or shape Particles move at random

43. Drill: Name & describe each of the 7 crystal structures

44. Melting Point Temperature at which the solid phase & liquid phase are at equilibrium MP & FP are equal

45. Melting Point Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a solid = the vapor pressure of its liquid phase

46. Boiling Point Temperature at which the liquid phase & gaseous phase are at equilibrium

47. Boiling Point Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid = the vapor pressure of its gaseous phase or atmospheric P

48. Adhesion The attraction of particles from different substances to each other

49. Cohesion The attraction of particles of the same substance towards each other

50. Capillarity The movement of a liquid up a thin tube due to adhesion & cohesion

51. Surface Tension Pressure on the surface of a liquid caused by the uneven forces acting on the surface molecules

53. Vapor Pressure The pressure caused by the evaporated particles in the vapor above a liquid

54. Intermolecular Forces Hydrogen-bond Dipole-dipole Dipole-induced dipole London dispersion forces

55. Hydrogen Bond Strongest of the intermolecular forces Occurs when H is bound to one highly EN element & connects to another

56. Dipole-Dipole When two polar molecules connect

57. Dipole-Dipole + + + - + - + - - - - - - + - + - + + +

58. Dipole-Induced Dipole When a polar molecule gets near a non-polar one, it induces the non-polar one to become polar; thus, they connect

59. Dipole-Induced Dipole + + + - + + - - + - - - - + - + - + + - + - + -

60. London Dispersion Instantaneous attraction for fractions of seconds in which non-polar molecules connect Very weak force

62. Predict & explain the MP trends of: 1) Li, Na, K, & Rb 2) F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, & I 2 3) LiF, NaCl, KBr, & RbI

63. Phase Diagram Graphic representation of all the phases of a substance with respect to temperature & pressure

65. 1 atm 100 K400 K Approximate MP & BP:

66. Phase Diagrams

68. Describe conditions at each number

69. Define solids, liquids, gases, melting & Boiling points

70. Determine the phase changes for the 3 arrows: