1. Cisco Voice Concepts AVVID
Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data
‘Emerging Voice Technologies’

2. Peter Tomsu aptomsu@cisco.com
Senior Consulting Engineer
Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy
Presentation_ID
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2

3. Agenda The World Is Changing Future Networking Trends Packet Voice
The Choice
VToA/VoFR or VoIP/VoIPoFR
Cisco AVVID Architecture
What is needed to make this work
Summary & Conclusions

4. The World Is Changing

5. Copyright, 1995-1999 Network World, Inc. All rights reserved.
Technology enhancements
Standards
Costs

6. The World is changing….

7. Personalised Services

8. “ ” Communication Trends
exceeded voice as primary business communication medium in 1998. ”
Frost and Sullivan
A key indicator of the trend of data becoming a mission-critical component of our lives is the recent study by Frost and Sullivan that found that exceeded voice as the primary business communication medium in Think about it. It used to be that people would send you to support comments or conclusions left on your voice mail, while today people leave you voice mail asking you to prioritize and respond to the they sent you! People are finding most effective in communicating across long distances, often across different time zones, and sharing and collaborating. Think about the ubiquity of as an application in our lives, and how ten years ago it took little, if any, of your time.
At the same time, great enhancements have been made in data networking technology. First, the Internet emerged as the dominant communications backbone, beyond the PSTN. Next, enhancements in user interface (a common occurrence in the data space) brought about the World Wide Web. Electronic commerce has gone from being a boutique item (with static Web pages) to an online customer self-service commerce vehicle to challenge traditional businesses.

9. The Trend Continues

10. New World Created by Explosive Data Growth
“Already there is more data transmitted over BT’s PSTN network than voice calls….
Over the course of the next few years, BT’s entire
UK voice network will be replaced by a system based on internet technology.”
Bill Cockburn, BT UK MD
Source: Financial Times, November 1 2 3 4 5 6
Relative Load
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999E
2000E
Year
New World
Voice
Old World
Data
Source: ElectroniCast, BT Alex Brown Research
as data becomes the majority of calls on public communications infrastructures, the more sense it makes from a technological, operational, and economic point of view to carry to carry and switch traffic in the same way - as data in packets and cells
many carriers are making huge investments in IP networks

11. Networking Trends
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12. Today’s Networks
Today’s networks were not designed to handle the future converged data, voice, and video demands
Separate infrastructures for data, voice, and video
Application integration difficult
Video
PBX
TDM
Circuits
Voice Mail IP
Web
DSL
Cable
Dial
ISDN
Extranet
E-Commerce
H.320
Room-Based
H.323
Desktop Video
Voice
Today’s multiple communication networks are entirely separate, each serving a specific application. The traditional PSTN (TDM) network serves the voice application; the Internet and intranets serve data communications; and multiple private and public H.320 networks exist for the purpose of video conferencing.
Often, everyday business requirements force these networks to interoperate (have you ever been on a videoconference for video while using the PSTN and a Polycom for audio, or used NetMeeting?)
As a result, deploying multiservice (data,voice, and video) applications such as unified messaging or Web-based customer contact centers is a daunting task, because it requires expensive and complex links between proprietary systems (such as PBXs) and standards-based data networks.

13. MultiService Applications
Appliance Convergence
All applications onto an integrated platform
Includes telephony
Customer Services
Virtual Call Centres
Unified Messaging
Voic &
Remote Working
Access to information is now key !
Distance Learning
Desktop Video
Live chat back
Voice,
& Cisco See Voice As
Another Latency-Sensitive
IP Application “ ”

14. Internet Ecosystem New World Architecture Data Packetized Voice Video
Highly Adaptive, Open, Scalable, and Converged
Packetized Voice IP
Web
DSL
Cable
Dial
ISDN
Extranet
E-Commerce
IP Phone
Network PBX
Internet Call Center
Data
Video
Over time, the Internet (and data networking technology in general) has been slowly subsuming these other traffic types (desktop conferencing is becoming more ubiquitous, and the mainframe evolved from a separate network to being a server on the IP data network). This convergence has recently (within four years) begun absorbing voice and video as applications into the data network. Several large PTTs/carriers have been using packet switching or voice over ATM as their backbone technology for years, and enterprise customers have accepted “virtual trunking,” or connecting their disparate PBXs via their wide-area data network to avoid long distance toll charges.
Now, we have the opportunity to fully integrate these previously disparate networks. By converging these networks into a single-unified network, customers can begin to recognize savings in multiple areas (explained throughout the presentation in detail), including lower total cost of ownership, toll savings, and increased productivity due to New World applications.

15. So What Can We Do To Voice ?

16. 3 Options Do nothing Play safe Move into the real world
Well it works so don’t try and fix it !
Play safe
Lets use another transport system, but leave the PBX’s in control !
Move into the real world
Converge the networks down to a single infrastructure that includes voice
Let’s look at each one

17. Before we do, how do we make a call today ?

18. Today’s Carrier Voice Infrastructure
Customer
Premise
Customer
Premise
Local CO
Interexchange
OC-48c
Ethernet
WDM
DS1 ~
Customer
Premise
Interexchange
LocalCO
Local CO
Class 5
Switch
Class 4
Switch
Class 4
Switch
Class 5
Switch
DS0
DS0
DS0
DS0
DS1
DS1
DS1
DS1
DS0
3/1 DACS
3/1 DACS
DS0
DS1
DS3
DS3
DS3
DS3
DS3
DS3
DS1
Today’s voice infrastructure is burdened by the “tyranny of the DSO”...
In an old world infrastructure the capital cost of the network was significant both at the edge (access lines) and in the core (trunks).
This is because at each network hop it is necessary to break the TDM frames down to switch circuits at the DS0 (64kbps) level.
This makes the cost of TDM network trunks very expensive.
SONET
ADM
SONET
ADM
OC3/12
OC48
OC48
OC48
OC3/12
Need to make this simpler, flexible, and cheaper.

19. Let’s leave it alone option
VoTDM
Voice Over TDM
Let’s leave it alone option

20. VoTDM Proprietary Based upon switching at the 64K DSO
At the Enterprise level
Based upon switching at the 64K DSO
Pre-dominantly static connections
Adds, moves and changes are difficult
When did you last move office ?
Hard to adapt to new technology trends
My PBX is IP ready ? What does that actually mean ?
Hierarchical deployments
Expensive

21. Voice Telephony Over ATM Let’s change the transport mechanism option
VToA
Voice Telephony Over ATM
Let’s change the transport mechanism option

22. Voice Telephony Over ATM - VToA
Solution
Leased Line Replacement - Digital Connection
Various Compression Techniques
Enables cost savings through better use of bandwidth
Standards-based compression combined with silence suppression & dynamic voice switching offers a scalable solution
Foreign
ATM
Network
OC-3
STM-1
T3/E3
n x T1/E1
T1/E1
PBX

23. Advanced VToA
Interpret the CCS from the attached PBX’s and route according to the profile that has been set in the VSC system
Will include bearer capability statements ensuring correct compression is used.
High-performance, highly scalable, distributed voice switching capability
Majority of PBX signalling systems supported
Reduces routing complexity and costs.
T1/E1
PBX
Voice
Switching

24. The Bandwidth 7 - 14 kbit/s of b/w per call For CBR For DBCES For VBR
E1 takes 2.3 Mb/s
For DBCES
Depends on the number of active channels
For VBR
Typically the voice channel will occupy between 7-14KB/s of bandwidth depending upon the amount of speech present and the amount of silent suppression used.
kbit/s of b/w per call
Payload: 30 5 8
ATM Header
DLCI 6 4
PAD
AAL5
Voice Header

25. Let’s move to the New World option
VoIP
Voice Over IP
Let’s move to the New World option

26. The Standards Based Voice Approach
H.323 Devices
Gatekeeper (admission & control) & Gateway (IP to TDM)
MCU (conference mgr. & bridge)
Client (phone, PC, etc.)
H.323 Signalling & Control
H Signalling & Packetization
H Media Control
H Security
H Supplementary Services
T Data
H.323 Media Formats
G.711 (64Kbps), G (6.4Kbps & 5.3Kbps), G.729 (8Kbps), H.261, H.263 (video)
Interoperability? YES! ITU H.323
IP Gateway
(to PSTN)
IP Phone (Client)
Gatekeeper
Packet LAN
MCU

27. Basic VoIP Phone to Phone Phone to Phone through PBXs and Key Systems
Legacy Phone to Legacy Phone
PBX Trunking
Phone to Phone
3600
FXS
Intranet
Phone to Phone through PBXs and Key Systems
3600
E&M
Intranet
Key System
PBX

28. Converged IP Infrastructures
Branch Office
Headquarters
PSTN
QoS
WAN
(Intranet) V
PBX
3640
Branch Office
Headquarters
4 to 12 Analogue ports
PSTN
QoS
WAN
(Intranet) V
PBX
3640
3620
Initially IP can be used to transport voice, as a way of proving the technology the early adopters voice was transported across the nets. This has been proven with both telephone handsets and PBX systems interconnected across various IP nets.
QoS is important to ensure that delay sensitive small packets of information are passed by the network and not dropped if congestion occurs. Cisco has various methods to ensure that VoIP is passed such as : - IP Precedence, WFQ, and RSVP.
Call routing is still really in the domain of the PBX

29. 6-11 kbps of bandwidth per call !
Bandwidth Per IP Call
8kbit/s yields 20 byte payload of compressed voice and 40 byte header
IP Header (20)
UDP (8)
RTP (12)
PAYLOAD : 20
When RTP, UDP, RTP are not compressed, the header is twice more important than the voice payload. The RTP header compression reduces the header to 4-5 bytes and provides a better efficiency than VoATM.
Header is 40 bytes
kbit/s of bandwidth per call
Compressing RTP Header gives
4-5
PAYLOAD : 20
6-11 kbps of bandwidth per call !

30. AVVID Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data
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31. Old World Architectures
Yesterday’s PBX
Proprietary Ckt switch Card(s)
Proprietary
interface
Applications (Voic /IVR)
Voice Path (TDM)
Signaling Path
PSTN
terminals
Proprietary interface
Proprietary Line Card(s)
Proprietary Trunk Card(s)
Mainframe cabinet
Standard interface
Proprietary Processor Card(s)

32. Cisco AVVID  An End-to-End Architecture
Softphone
Message
Server
Telephony Application
Servers
Paging
Directory
Content
IP Phones
PCs
Video
Distributed
Adaptive
SERVICE
SUPPORT
Gateway
Switch
Router
Cisco IP Fabric
Intelligent Network Services
Platforms
Infrastructure
Clients
Applications
Open
Manageable
CallManager
Cisco AVVID is the Cisco enterprise architecture for voice and video integrated with data. Convergence means including all components of a multiservice network, from the clients to the applications, and the requisite infrastructure. From PCs and video conferencing applications to physical and software-based phones (softphones), the client access devices are enabled from a core, converged infrastructure. The Cisco IP fabric encompasses the intelligent network services offered in Cisco IOS® Software, directory integration, policy and network management. In addition, infrastructure components such as Routers, Switches and PSTN/PBX gateways play an essential role in architecting for high availability. These clients and infrastructure components are enabled by applications such as call processing, packet telephony applications, content servers for video, messaging servers, directory services, and so on. Finally, all of these components are covered by Cisco award winning service and support programs.
By utilizing these New World components, customers can be assured of the most scalable, adaptive, highly-available, and open, standards-based infrastructure possible.

33. Cisco AVVID : An Open Architecture
An architecture not an IP-PBX
IP-PBX : That's like calling automobiles horse less carriages. Convergence is moving voice onto data networks, and the term ”IP - PBX" implies the opposite.
Amteva
Enterprise
uOne
Intelligent Call Router
Voice Mail
Fax
Directory
Call
Manager IP
Network
PSTN
Router
TAPI, JTAPI
SIP, MGCP
SMTP
IP, H323, SIP, MEGACO
LDAP
RSVP
Call Admission, Call Routing
CLIENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE
CALL PROCESSING
APPLICATIONS

34. Cisco Voice Strategy
Provide a network that allows calls to flow freely, and independent of what technology they traverse, with all the existing features you have come to expect, and more, whilst adhering to standards.
Signaling Interface
Call Manager Appliance
Voice Path (TDM)
Signaling Path
Trunk interface
Media/signaling
interface
Ethernet phones
and
PC applications
TCP/IP
Network
Appliance
Applications Server (Voic /IVR)
PSTN

35. Cisco Architecture Solutions Branch Office , Campus Voice, Telecommuter Reach, Virtual Call Centre, Contact Centre, & Unified Messaging
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36. Branch Office Solution
CCN based Call Processing
Connects to both VoIP or PSTN
PBX interwork at Central site
Current Branch Options
Data network enhances apps
virtual call center
unified messaging
H.323
eg NetMeeting
VoIP
PSTN IP
Cisco
Call Manager

37. Enterprise Extension for Telecommuter
Enable popular features:
Hold, Call forward, Conference
Easy integrate to call center apps
Still make local phone call
IP Telephony enables integrated mobility
x237
Enterprise Network
PSTN
PBX P S T N

38. Campus Solution Campus Extension PBX scaling option
Prevent new spend on proprietary PBX solutions
New Campus installations
Unified Cabling Infrastructure
Open IP based solutions with end user mobility
New Voice Apps e.g. unified messaging
Reduced operations costs, e.g. adds/moves/changes
PBX

39. What is needed ?
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40. Applications Support Infrastructure
End to End IP
Converged
WAN
Voice
Converged
End to end
IP Telephony
New World
Applications
C/Centre UM
Internet
Business
Solutions
CRM, WO,
SCM
Ecosystem Partners

41. Summary & Conclusions
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42. Summary & Conclusion Cisco AVVID Packet Voice Is A Real Solution
Choice of technologies, both integrate with each other.
Essential support for legacy systems maintained
Cisco AVVID Architecture
Powerful, flexible IP architecture that supports Intelligent Integrated Applications
Cisco AVVID Advanced Applications
Unified Messaging, IP Contact Centres, Collaboration
The world is changing, think hard about all new spend on old world infrastructure products - remember the quote from BT.

43. Presentation_ID
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 43