1. Principles of Landscaping

2. Landscaping The use of plants and inanimate materials to enhance the utility (function) and beauty (aesthetics) of an outdoor area

3. Value of landscaping Manipulate environmental conditions –Shade, light wind Increased property value Exercise, therapeutic More satisfying living experience –Increased privacy –Refuge for animal life –Control vehicular and pedestrian traffic –Hide unattractive areas –Reduce noise

7. Cost of landscaping Cost –Quality of plants, materials –Procurement & installation –Age/size of plants –Recurrent costs Water, chemicals, mulch Time –Maintenance Water, fertilizer, pest control, controlling plant growth

9. Landscape design Surfaces: lawns, patios, terraces Paths: materials (lawn, ground cover, stone, etc.) Level changes: steps, slopes, retaining walls Boundaries: walls, fences, hedges Structures: garden buildings, pergolas, arches

10. Landscape design Ornamental plants –Trees, shrubs, climbing plants, ground covers, herbaceous plants (annuals & perennials) –Specimens

11. Landscape design Garden features –Kitchen garden, herb garden –Water features (pond, flowing water, fountain) –Ornaments & pots

12. Garden styles Formal (clipped hedges, topiary, Oriental, still water, statuary)

13. Garden styles Informal (Cottage)

14. Garden styles Informal (woodland)

15. Garden styles Themes (color, shape, repetition)

16. Garden styles Modern (contemporary)

17. Landscape design Site Needs Landscape principles Plants Materials/objects

18. Site analysis soil texture & quality, drainage utility of existing plants location of underground and above ground utilities good and bad views focal points of interest negative features of buildings and landscape window locations aspects of climate (sun rise/set, sun/shade patterns, wind directions)

19. Site analysis - views

23. Needs Analysis

26. E W

27. Elements of design Features of plants that create moods –Color –Texture –Form –Line

28. Elements of design – color

29. Color principles Colors influenced by light intensity Background color important for effect of foreground plants Reds, yellows – advance Blues, greens - recede

32. Elements of design – texture Leaves Branches Mulch

34. Elements of design - form The 3-D shape of the plant canopy

35. Plant forms

37. Elements of design – line Line is a boundary element Shape & structure are defined by line

38. Line Curved lines vs. straight lines

39. Principles of design Simplicity Balance Focalization of interest Rhythm & line Scale or proportion

40. Principle of simplicity

41. Principle of balance

42. Balance

45. Focalization of interest

46. Rhythm & line

49. Scale/proportion

53. Landscape plan

54. Design in stages

56. Public area

57. Driveway –Shape, paving materials

58. Public area Planting beds –Trees form the backbone Placement of new trees is critical Keep large trees away from house (scale)

59. Public area Foundation plantings Corner plantings Line plantings

60. Planting bed guidelines Edging materials –Plastic, timbers, stone Mulch or groundcover Large, curved beds more attractive than small, angled beds Mass shrubs of same species, use only a few species Avoid lawn ornaments

61. Private area Shade –Where & when? –Dense shade trees vs. light shade trees

62. Private area Privacy –Fences vs. plants

63. Private area Deck/patio –Materials, maintenance, cost –Timing of sun/shade

64. Service area Screening Vegetable garden Cut flower garden

67. Online landscape design resources http://aggie- horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/homelandscape/ home.htmlhttp://aggie- horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/homelandscape/ home.html http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/hort2/samplers/ S4.asphttp://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/hort2/samplers/ S4.asp

68. Selecting plants for the landscape Evergreen vs. deciduous Categories: vines, groundcovers, shrubs, trees Size: small, medium, large Plant adaptability –Temperature, sun, soil Maintenance requirements –Pruning, fertilization, pest control NCSU Plant fact sheets

71. Acquiring plants Home propagation –Cuttings, seed Transplant from wild –Deciduous should be dormant –Evergreen during new growth Mail order –Large selection, cheap –Shipped “bare-root” Grown in field, dug up when dormant Shipped in moist wood shavings, wrapped in plastic Increased risk of plant death (minimal root system) Should plant ASAP –Use “Garden Watchdog” to preview vendorsGarden Watchdog

72. Acquiring landscape plants Nurseries, etc. –Bare-root –Balled & burlapped plants Dug and wrapped Limited soil base –Container grown plants Propagated & grown in a pot Minimal root damage May be root bound

73. Shopping – branches

75. Shopping - crotches

76. Crotch damage

77. Shopping - Trunk taper

78. Shopping – roots

83. Shopping – balled & burlapped roots

84. Planting landscape plants Fall in the South (Spring ok) Digging the hole –12” Wider than root ball –6” Deeper than root ball Amend Backfill Fertilize in moderation

88. Planting depth & soil types

90. Slicing the root ball

92. Planting balled & burlapped trees

93. Planting bare-root plants

94. Berm for irrigation

95. Irrigation of new plants Weekly soakings for the first year Mulch for water retention

96. Mulching

97. Tree support – staking & guying

99. Guying

100. Staking damage

101. Tree root growth

103. Root deflectors

104. Landscaping related careers Landscape architect Landscape contractor Landscape maintenance Nursery production