1. Influences Influences 1

2. Influences 2 What you will learn about in this topic: 1.Cultural influences 2.Health and well-being influences 3.Image influences 4.Influential people 5.Resource influences 6.Socio-economic influences

3. Influences 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: Understand various influences that affect sports participation Describe each of the influences Explain the effect of each influence

4. Cultural influences Influences 4 Cultural influences are those that impact on daily life and are often out of a person’s control.

5. Age The age of a person can influence their chances of participating in certain activities. Influences 6 There might be an age limit or guidelines on separate compeitions and coaching for different age groups.

6. However, many centres now have specific groups for different age ranges including the under 12s, over 16s. They also have senior and veteran teams or classes specifically catering to older people. Influences 7

7. Disability Sporting opportunities for the disabled have often been restricted. Influences 8

8. However, these days, campaigns and lottery grants have helped many sports centres to update their facilities. Many centres now offer ramps, stairlifts, changing areas and modified toilets. Influences 9

9. However, there are increasingly more mixed teams as well as girls- only teams. Golf and racket sports already see men versus women. Influences 10 Gender Some clubs are for boys only and don’t allow boys and girls to compete against each other.

10. Race Certain sports have traditional or cultural links to particular groups, for example, gymnastics is very popular in Russia and China. Influences 11

11. Sprinting events are often dominated by African athletes and cricket is very popular among British Indian communities. The reasons certain groups play certain sports can be linked to access to facilities and family traditions. Influences 12

12. Influences 13 Task 1 Identify the stereotypical sports that the following groups might play: Working-class African-American boys Upper-class English girls Middle-class English boys Working-class English boys Middle-class Canadians Working-class Indian boys As a class, discuss how you think these sterotypes have now changed.

13. Health and well-being influences Participation in exercise can help your health and well-being. The following are all examples of ways in which it does this. Influences 14

14. Exercise gives you energy so helps to prevent fatigue. More exercise means more calories are burned. The heart becomes stronger and bigger so can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Influences 15

15. Influences 16 The better the condition of the body, the easier it is to recover from illness or injury. Exercise can be an outlet for stress and anger, relieving mental pressures. Exercising with others can lead to friendships.

16. Influences 17 Better cardiovascular fitness means the heart works more efficiently by pumping more blood per beat. Arteries become larger and more elastic, leading to reduced blood pressure. Tendons become stronger so helps to prevent muscle injury.

17. Task 2 1.In a group of three, prepare a two–minute presentation on how sustained physical activity can help reduce illness and health problems. 2.Deliver your presentation to the rest of the class. Influences 18

18. Image influences Influences 19 Sports can go in and out of fashion, usually depending on the level of coverage they get in the media.

19. Media coverage highlights positive events such as winning big competitions (for example, Wimbledon), or negative aspects (like a premiership footballer getting arrested for breaking the law). Influences 20

20. Task 3 In a pair, think of two sporting events which have recently been covered in the media. Influences 21

21. Influences 22 Task 4 Study the images on the next two slides. What was the impact of the media coverage of these events on the image of the sports ?

22. Influences 23

23. Influences 24

24. England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003. Because of the win, participation in rugby union went up by almost 30 per cent. The national governing body, the Rugby Football Union (RFU), received more revenue and was able to further publicize the sport. Influences 25

25. Unfortunately, England did not qualify for the Euro 2008 football tournament. As a result, the Wimbledon tennis tournament received more coverage in the media. Influences 26

26. The Wimbledon Men’s Singles Final was watched by a peak audience of 13.1 million viewers on BBC1. Influences 27 This represented a 47.6 per cent share of the television audience. An average of 8.6 million people watched the match.

27. On the Internet, 11.7 million users followed the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, an increase of 3 million people on 2007. Influences 28

28. Influences 29 People influences If your parents have a keen interest in a particular sport or introduce you to an activity at a young age, you are more likely to take up the same sport.

29. Influences 30 Children whose parents socialize at sports clubs are more likely to be influenced and be involved in the same sport if their parents enjoy playing it. Family pride and experience in sport can also benefit younger family members and can encourage them to take up sport.

30. If children have observed positive attitudes towards sport and see it as a good thing, they are more likely to become involved with sporting activities. Children are also more likely to try sports if they have a friend that already plays or if their friendship group sees it as a cool thing to do. Influences 31

31. People: negative influences Influences 32 A child is less likely to be involved in sport if their parents do not like sport.

32. Influences 33 Children may observe negative attitudes towards sport in the home and see it as a bad thing or just haven’t been exposed to sporting activities. Children are unlikely to try sports if they friends don’t like sport or if their friendship group sees it as an uncool thing to do.

33. Influences 34 Sometimes a child can be forced into playing a sport by a parent because they want to encourage them to participate.

34. It can also be because the parent missed out on the same opportunity when they were younger so are trying to live through their child. Influences 35

35. Forcing a child to do something they do not want to do (even a positive thing like sport) can lead them to associate sport with a bad experience. Also, if a child is forced to focus on just one sport, they may miss out on other sports they might be really good at. Influences 36

36. There is a possibility that when a child is out of their parents’ control, they may give up sport. Influences 37

37. Role models Influences 38

38. A role model is someone who is looked up to and admired for what they are achieving/have achieved personally and/or professionally. Sportspeople can earn lots of money and lead glamorous lifestyles, but this is because they are successful in their sport. Not everyone who is good at their sport achieves this level of recognition though. Influences 39

39. Many young people will try to emulate their role model by wearing the same clothes, having the same haircut and, crucially, playing the same sport as them. Influences 40

40. Role models do not have to be famous; family members or local players and coaches can be role models, especially in less well-known sports. Influences 41

41. Socio-economic influences Influences 45

42. Wealth Many sports cost money and some families can’t afford this. Influences 46 However, sometimes funding can be received from governing bodies, the Lotto or sponsorship for groups or individuals.

43. Home Many places do not have good enough facilities because there are not enough people interested in the sport (for example, in villages or poor areas). However, sometimes governing bodies or the Lotto can subsidize equipment. Influences 47

44. Resource influences Influences 42 Resources can refer to time, money and facilities (including access to and location of). Where a person lives can have a great impact on what activities they can undertake.

45. For example, if facilities are not available locally or transport links do not exist, it would be hard for people to join a sports club. Influences 43

46. If people are on a low-income they would not necessarily afford to take part in sports that require special equipment or kit. Influences 44

47. 3 Influences 48 Exam question 1. Read the following statements and decide which option is correct. Statement 1: A key influence associated with people impacting on participation is socio-economic. Statement 2: A key influence associated with people impacting on participation is family. A.Both statements are true B.Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false C.Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true D.Both statements are false

48. Influences 49 What you have learnt in this topic: 1.Cultural influences 2.Health and well-being influences 3.Image influences 4.Influential people 5.Resource influences 6.Socio-economic influences

49. Influences 50 Learning objectives You should now be able to: Understand various influences that affect sports participation Describe each of the influences Explain the effect of each influence