1. Lecture 3 LaTeX and LyX

2. LaTeX TeX Computer program by Donald Knuth for typesetting text and formulas (1977) LaTeX Predefined professional layout You need to write code to create documents ( for ex. scientific papers) Code is compiled to PDF or PS or other files LyX Graphical interface that allows using mouse instead of writing codes (compare: Word) Produces LaTeX code that you can see and compile Introduction to academic studies

3. LaTeX vs MS Word LaTeX is more often used for writing scientific reports and papers  Once publisher provides it’s style file, it can be embedded into your TeX file easily (in Word, you need to adjust the style manually  may take hours or days)  Formulas can be enumerated and updated automatically (one new formula is inserted – not a big deal, compare with Word)  There is a citation and referencing function (in Word, manually) Word provides a better grammar control tool than LaTeX Introduction to academic studies

4. Installing LaTeX and LyX Windows OS Install MikTeX http://www.miktex.org/http://www.miktex.org/ Install an editor, TeXnicCenter (if you do not plan to use LyX): http://www.texniccenter.org/http://www.texniccenter.org/ Install LyX if you like graphical interface: http://www.lyx.org/ http://www.lyx.org/ Introduction to academic studies

5. Document structure Try to do yourself! Introduction to academic studies \documentclass{…} \usepackage{…} \begin{document} …Write your text here… \end{document}

6. Text, characters and comments New line is ignored  Make a blank line to begin a new line Several ”space”s treated as a single one # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \ can not be used in text directly  use \# \$ \% … LaTeX commands are case sensitive LaTeX commands start with backslash  \command[optional param]{parameter} Comments start with % Introduction to academic studies

7. Document classes \documentclass[options]{class}  class article proc (Proceedings) report (small book, thesis) book slides  options 10pt, 11pt, 12pt (size of main font) a4paper, a5paper,… onecolumn, twocolumn twoside, oneside landscape … Introduction to academic studies

8. Language support Swedish Introduction to academic studies \usepackage[swedish]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}

9. Titles, chapters and sections Define the frontpage: 1. \title{…} 2. \author{…} 3. \date{…} 4. \maketitle 5. \section Introduction to academic studies \documentclass[12pt]{paper} %Some more commands here, skipped \begin{document} \title{Bootstrap confidence intervals for large-scale multivariate monotonic regression problems} \author{Oleg Sysoev, Anders Grimvall, Oleg Burdakov } \maketitle \begin{abstract} Monotonic regression (MR) computes a response that is increasing or decreasing with respect to each of explanatory variables... \end{abstract} \textbf{Keywords: }Confidence intervals, monotonic regression, bootstrap, percentile... \section{Introduction}\label{intro}... \end{document}

10. Alignment \begin{x} … \end{x}  x = flushleft flushright or center Introduction to academic studies \section{Introduction}\label{intro} \begin{center} Monotonic regression is a nonparametric method... \end{center}

11. Quotation Use quote environment Introduction to academic studies As it is specified in \cite{strand}: \begin{quote} Unfortunately, there are no efficient MR algorithms when... \end{quote}

12. Referencing Use \label{} and \ref{}  Proper in many situations: formulas, tables, graphs, chapters… Introduction to academic studies \section{Introduction}\label{intro} As it is specified in section \ref{intro}...

13. Font sizes and styles Bold \textbf{…} Italic \textit{…} Small font {\small ….} Introduction to academic studies {\scriptsize \begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l} … \end{tabular} }

14. Formulas Formula in the text $...$ Formula at the new line: \begin{equation}…\end{equation} Formula at the new line without number: \[ … \] Introduction to academic studies \begin{equation} Y_i=\phi(X_i, \theta)+ \epsilon_i \label{addit} \end{equation}

15. Formulas: building blocks Subscript: $X_i$ $A_{low}$ Superscript: $x^2$ $Y^{t^2}$ Greek letters: \lambda \Phi \phi… Comparison: > < = \geq \leq Square root: \sqrt{x^3} Ratio $\frac{x}{y^2+1}$ Product $A \cdot B$ $\hat{Y}$, $\vec{X}$ Brackets $\left( X^2+1 \right )$ Series of sums, product: \sum and \prod  $Y_i= \sum_{j=1}^{n_i} Y_{ij}/n_i$ Integral \int Introduction to academic studies

16. Arrays, matrices Use array environment:  Use ”c”,”l” or ”r” for alignment  Separate elements with ”&”  End line with ”\\” Introduction to academic studies \[ \mathbf{X} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\ x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \]

17. Arrays, matrices Introduction to academic studies \begin{equation} Y=\left\{ \begin{array}{rl} e^x,& if \: x>0,\\ \sqrt{x^2+1},& otherwise \end{array} \right. \end{equation}

18. Creating tabbing Define position by \= Move to the position by \> Introduction to academic studies \begin{tabbing} 1. \ \=Compute the fitted response values $\hat{Y}_1, \ldots, \hat{Y}_n$ \\ \> and block partition $B_1, \ldots, B_K$ by applying SBR\\ 2. \>For \= each $j=1, \ldots, B$ and $i=1, \ldots, n$\\ \>\>Find $k$ such that $i \in B_k$. \\ \>\>Compute $l$ by sampling from $B_k$\\ \>\>Set $Y^*_{ij}=Y_{l}$\\ \end{tabbing}

19. Creating tables Use \begin{tabular}[pos]{table_spec} …\end{tabular}  Use ”c”,”l” or”r” for alignment. For a fixed width, use p{width}. For drawing of vertical lines, use ”|”  Separate elements with ”&”  End line with ”\\”  Draw lines with \hline Introduction to academic studies

20. Creating tables Introduction to academic studies \begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|} \hline $\frac{Bootstrap\ method}{CI\ approach}$ & $Parametric$ &$\stackrel{Non-parametric,}{mid-point}$ & $\stackrel{Non- parametric,}{worst-case}$\\ \hline Percentile& Method 1 & Method 3 & Method 5 \\ BCa& Method 2 & Method 4 & Method 6\\ \hline \end{tabular}

21. Creating tables To merge several cells, use \multicolumn or \multirow: Introduction to academic studies {\scriptsize \begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l} & \hspace{2mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=10,000$} & \hspace{3mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=50,000$}\\ \hline $Slope$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ \\ \hline 0.2 & & 0.63 & 10.9& 35.3 & 6.6 & 28.4 & 253.6 & & 0.72 & 128.3 & 1152.3 & 142.6 & 32.6 & 1876.3\\ 2 & & 1.38 & 25.1& 30.8 & 1.4 & 37.2 & 253.4 & & 6.80 & 397.9 & 1046.2 & 26.1 & 181.0 & 1878.2\\ \hline \end{tabular} }

22. Creating tables \usepackage{multirow} \multirow{''num_rows''}{''width''}{''contents''}. Introduction to academic studies \begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| } \hline \multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Registered breakpoints} \\ \hline 1981 & January & 13.7 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1982} & February & 12.6 \\ & March & 13.9 \\ \hline \end{tabular}

23. Floating tables Sometimes tables and graphs are large to be placed directly after a specific text  automatic placement Placement:  h= here  t=top  b=bottom  p=at the special page Introduction to academic studies \begin{table}[placement or nothing] \begin{tabular}{...}... \end{tabular} \caption{} \label{} \end{table}

24. Floating tables Introduction to academic studies \begin{table}[b] \begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| } … \end{tabular} \caption{Registered breakpoints in the time series of oil consumption, mtones.} \label{oil} \end{table}

25. Including graphics For publication, eps-format is normal.  \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}  \includegraphics[width=,height=,scale=, angle=]{filename} Introduction to academic studies \includegraphics[width=10cm]{f10k.eps}

26. Floating graphics Introduction to academic studies \begin{figure} \includegraphics[...]{filename} \caption{…} \label{…} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \centering \begin{tabular}{cc} \includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{time10K} & \includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{f10K} \\ \end{tabular} \caption{Processing time $Time$(to the left) and objective function $SSR$(to the right)} \label{fig2} \end{figure}

27. Bibliography To write bibliography, use Cite:  \cite{marker} Introduction to academic studies \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{marker} TEXT… … \end{thebibliography}

28. Bibliography Introduction to academic studies \newpage...we presented an algorithm called GPAV (Generalized PAV) which is a generalization of the PAV algorithm \cite{ayer}. \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{ayer} Ayer, M., Brunk, H.D., Ewing, G.M., Reid, W.T., Silverman, E.: An empirical distribution function for sampling with incomplete information. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 26, 641--647 (1955) \bibitem{barlow} Barlow, R.E., Bartholomew, D.J., Bremner, J.M., Brunk, H.D.: Statistical inference under order restrictions. Wiley, New York (1972) \end{thebibliography}

29. LyX Introduction to academic studies

30. Home reading http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf http://www.latex-project.org/ http://www.lyx.org/ Introduction to academic studies