1. Course ILT Expansion cards Unit objectives Define the common drive interfaces, and install a drive controller Describe video adapters and standards, and install a video adapter Define sound cards, and install a sound card Describe modem standards, and install a modem Identify the symptoms, probable causes, and potential solutions to expansion card-related problems

2. Course ILT Topic A Topic A: Drive adapters Topic B: Video cards Topic C: Sound cards Topic D: Internal modems Topic E: Expansion card troubleshooting

3. Course ILT Controllers and interfaces Controller Interface

4. Course ILT PC drive interfaces SCSI IDE IEEE 1394 (FireWire, i.Link) USB 1.1 and 2.0

5. Course ILT ATA ATA – up to 8.3 MBps EIDE – proprietary extensions ATA-2/3 – up to 16.6 MBps ATAPI – tape and CD-ROM support ATA/ATAPI-4 – up to 33 MBps ATA/ATAPI-5 – up to 66 MBps ATA/ATAPI-6 – up to 100 MBps ATA/ATAPI-7 – up to 133 MBps SATA – up to 300 MBps

6. Course ILT PIO modes PIO mode 0 = 3.3 MBps PIO mode 1 = 5.2 MBps PIO mode 2 = 8.3 MBps PIO mode 3 = 11.1 MBps PIO mode 4 = 16.7 MBps

7. Course ILT DMA modes Single word 0 = 2.1 MBps Single word 1 = 4.2 MBps Single word 2 = 8.3 MBps Multi word 0 = 4.2 MBps Multi word 1 = 13.3 MBps Multi word 2 = 16.7 MBps

8. Course ILT UltraDMA modes UDMA mode 0 = 16.7 MBps UDMA mode 1 = 25 MBps UDMA mode 2 = 33.3 MBps UDMA mode 3 = 44.4 MBps UDMA mode 4 = 66.7 MBps UDMA mode 5 = 100 MBps UDMA mode 6 = 133 MBps

9. Course ILT ATA motherboard connectors

10. Course ILT Standard IDE cable

11. Course ILT 80-pin ATA cable

12. Course ILT SATA data cable

13. Course ILT Large drive support Original Interrupt 13 limit = 504 MB LBA and ECHS—up to 8.4 GB (through sector translation) Interrupt 13h extensions—up to 128 GB (through BIOS changes) ATA interface limit = up to 137 GB Large LBA—up to 144 petabytes (144,000,000 GB) (through bits/sector and maximum sectors chages)

14. Course ILT Drive identification ATA supports two drives per controller –One drive is master –Other drive is slave Older drives –Set jumper or DIP switch –Connect to cable in correct location Cable select

15. Course ILT Drive identification Motherboard Slave Master

16. Course ILT Primary and secondary Secondary IDE Primary IDE

17. Course ILT Activity A-1 Distinguishing between drive controllers

18. Course ILT SCSI StandardBus widthBandwidth SCSI8 bits5 MBps Fast SCSI8 bits10 MBps Wide SCSI16 bits20 MBps Ultra SCSI8 bits20 MBps Ultra Wide SCSI16 bits40 MBps Ultra2/LVD8 bits40 MBps Ultra2 Wide16 bits80 MBps Ultra316 bits160 MBps Ultra-32016 bits320 MBps Serial SCSI1 bit80-375 MBps

19. Course ILT SCSI device IDs Each device must have unique ID 0-7 or 0-15 Higher IDs = Higher priority –Host Bus Adapter would be 7 or 15

20. Course ILT Termination Terminators = resistors Block signal reflections Terminate both ends of the bus Terminator blocks or switches Passive terminators Active terminators

21. Course ILT SCSI ID and termination SCSI ID Termination switch

22. Course ILT Differential SCSI Single Ended (SE)—signal voltages compared to ground Differential SCSI –Data lines are paired –Signals are electrical opposites –Signal is read as comparison between wires in the pair High voltage differential (HVD) (± 5V) Low voltage differential (LVD) (± 3.3V)

23. Course ILT Other interfaces ST506/ST412 ESDI USB IEEE 1394 (FireWire)

24. Course ILT Activity A-2 Installing a drive controller

25. Course ILT Topic B Topic A: Drive adapters Topic B: Video cards Topic C: Sound cards Topic D: Internal modems Topic E: Expansion card troubleshooting

26. Course ILT Video adapters Produce signals displayed by the monitor Text, images, video Black & white and color

27. Course ILT Creating an image Phosphorescent coating Electron beam Refresh (scanning) rate Interlacing Resolution Pixel depth (colors)

28. Course ILT Maximum colors Pixel depth Maximum colors Bytes per pixel Descriptive name 121/8 th Monochrome 4161/2Standard VGA 82561256-color “Super VGA” 1665,5362High color 2416,777,2163True color

29. Course ILT Video standards StandardText resolution Graphics resolution Text matrix Max colors Max refresh MDA80x25n/a9x14250 Hz HGC80x25720x3489x14250 Hz CGA80x25640x200 160x200 8x816 4 60 Hz EGA80x25640x3508x81660 Hz VGAEGA Emulation 640x480EGA Emulation 16 256 60 Hz

30. Course ILT SuperVGA No official standard Various proprietary schemes VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE) – 640x400 at 8 bits per pixel –1600x1200 at 16 bits per pixel

31. Course ILT 15-pin VGA/SVGA connector

32. Course ILT VGA/SVGA socket

33. Course ILT DVI connector types

34. Course ILT DVI-I connector

35. Course ILT Video drivers Software interface between OS and video adapter Effect performance and operation Updated drivers –Performance improvements –Error fixes –New features Use manufacturer’s driver; not Windows Download from manufacturer’s Web site

36. Course ILT Video adapter slot types Low-end built into motherboard High-end three types of slots –PCI –PCIe –AGP PC slowest; work well for two-monitor system AGP specialized for video PCIe designed to replace AGP

37. Course ILT An AGP video card

38. Course ILT PCIe video card

39. Course ILT Activity B-1 Installing a video adapter

40. Course ILT Topic C Topic A: Drive adapters Topic B: Video cards Topic C: Sound cards Topic D: Internal modems Topic E: Expansion card troubleshooting

41. Course ILT PC sound Motherboard speaker –Beeps and clicks Creative Labs SoundBlaster –Music, plus beeps and clicks –Digitizing input music –SoundBlaster Pro considered the base standard

42. Course ILT Sound card components Digital signal processor Analog to digital converter Digital to analog converter Jacks and ports

43. Course ILT A sound card

44. Course ILT Sound card connectors Line inMicrophone Speaker

45. Course ILT Speakers

46. Course ILT Activity C-1 Installing a sound card

47. Course ILT Topic D Topic A: Drive adapters Topic B: Video cards Topic C: Sound cards Topic D: Internal modems Topic E: Expansion card troubleshooting

48. Course ILT Modems Send data signals over phone lines Modulation Demodulation Forms

49. Course ILT Riser cards AMR –Audio (sound) and modem cards CNR –Communication (modem) and network cards ACR –Modem, sound, and network cards –Proprietary design to ASUS Simplified expansion card reduces price

50. Course ILT Softmodems Implements features in software rather than hardware WinModem – Windows-based Less expensive Easily upgradeable Specific to operating system (and perhaps version) Slower than hardware-based modems

51. Course ILT System resources PortIRQI/O address COM1403F8-03FF COM2302F8-02FF COM3403E8-03EF COM4302E8-02EF

52. Course ILT Activity D-1 Installing an internal modem

53. Course ILT RJ-11 connectors

54. Course ILT Modem connections

55. Course ILT AT commands ATDT number ATDP number ATH ATA, (comma) *70 ATZ0 A/ AT&F

56. Course ILT HyperTerminal Send AT commands to your modem Configure echo characters Start, All Programs, Accessories, Communications, HyperTerminal

57. Course ILT Asynchronous and synchronous Mark beginning and end of data Asynchronous –No clock –Relies solely on a pattern of bits Synchronous –Timer clock –Sends bit pattern once –Relies on timing

58. Course ILT Speed standards StandardMaximum speed V.324,800 bps (async) 9,600 bps (sync) V.32 bis14,400 bps V.32 terbo19,200 bps V.3428,800 bps V.34 bix33,600 bps V.9056,000 bps download 33,600 bps upload V.9256,000 bps download 48,800 bps upload

59. Course ILT MNP classes MNP classEfficiencyThroughput 170%39,200 bps 284%47,040 bps 3108%60,480 bps 4120%67,200 bps 5200%112,000 bps 6200%112,000 bps 7300%168,000 bps 8300%168,000 bps 9300%168,000 bps

60. Course ILT Activity D-2 Testing your modem

61. Course ILT Topic E Topic A: Drive adapters Topic B: Video cards Topic C: Sound cards Topic D: Internal modems Topic E: Expansion card troubleshooting

62. Course ILT Drive controller symptoms IDE drive not recognized SCSI drive not recognized System with IDE drive won’t boot, with or without BIOS error message System with SCSI drive won’t boot, with or without BIOS error message IDE drive inaccessible or performs badly Full size of drive not available

63. Course ILT Video card symptoms No video at all Video scrolls, flips, wavers, is too large, lines double up, and so forth Video flickers Video is blurry Image artifacts are displayed across the screen System freezes during a video change, such as an image scrolling or changing

64. Course ILT Sound card symptoms No sound Sound is very low Sound is distorted No audio captured No audio from CD

65. Course ILT Internal modem symptoms Modem picks up line and dials, but doesn’t connect Modem reports no dial tone detected Connection drops frequently Modem connects, but only at low speeds Modem doesn’t work at all Configuration related error messages

66. Course ILT Activity E-1 Troubleshooting expansion card-related problems

67. Course ILT Unit summary Defined the common drive interfaces, and installed a drive controller Described video adapters and standards, and installed a video adapter Defined sound cards, and installed a sound card Described modem standards, and installed a modem Resolved expansion card-related problems