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Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 1 1 Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Science, Graz, Austria 2 Institute of Physics,

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Presentation on theme: "Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 1 1 Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Science, Graz, Austria 2 Institute of Physics,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 1 1 Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Science, Graz, Austria 2 Institute of Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, KF University Graz, Austria 3 Centre d'Étude des Environnements Terrestre et Planétaires, Observatoire de Saint-Maur, France 4 Geophysical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria 5 Institute of Physics, Department of Geophysics, Astrophysics and Meteorology (IGAM), KF University Graz, Austria 6 Communication Networks and Satellite Communications Institute, TU University Graz, Austria ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic M.Y. Boudjada 1, H. Biernat 1,2, K. Schwingenschuh 1, J.J. Berthelier 3, E. Cristea 1, P. Pesec 1, P. Nenovski 4, M. Horn 5, G. Prattes 6, M. Stachel 1

2 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 2 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic We report on the possible relationship between the seismic event occurrence and the VLF and ELF emissions as recorded by the ‘Instrument Capteur Electrique’ (ICE) experiment onboard the DEMETER micro- satellite. For this we analyze two seismic events which occurred on 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004, in the Adriatic region, at the geographic coordinates of (45.66° N; 10.64° E) and (43.24° N; 15.58° E), respectively. The seismic intensity magnitude was of about 5.2, and both events were separated by a distance of 594 km. These earthquake events are combined to ELF/VLF space observations and ground measurements performed by the DEMETER/ICE experiment and GPS permanent stations, respectively. A method is applied and used to find an eventual correlation between these seismic events and the ground-based and space observations. This method is principally based on a statistical approach which lead to: (a) study the temporal variations before and after the earthquakes, (b) classify the observed features, and (c) estimate the measurement accuracy and the corresponding source of errors.

3 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 3 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic  ICE experiment on board DEMETER micro-satellite  Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004)  Ground-based and Space observations  ULF observations  GPS observations  DEMETER/ICE observations  Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity  Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions  Adriatic seismic events  Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE  Cross-correlation: Preliminary results  Conclusion

4 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 4 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic 3 Electric components of the wave field - ULF, DC to 15 Hz, the potential of the 4 sensors - ELF, 10 Hz to 1 kHz, 3 channels - VLF, 10 Hz to 18 kHz, 1 channel - HF, 70 Hz to 3.125 MHz, 1 channel Berthelier et al., 2006 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

5 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 5 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic 24 th Nov. 25 th Nov. IWF Event of 24 th Nov. 2004: (a) Lat. = 45.66°N, Long.=10.64°E (b) Time: 22:59:39 (c) Magnitude: 5.30 Event of 25 th Nov. 2004: (a) Lat. = 43.24°N, Long.= 15.58°E (b) Time: 06:21:19 (c) Magnitude: 5.20 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

6 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 6 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic SEGMA Network (a) Continuous ULF data set (b) Polarization (V/H) studies for the period August until December 2004 (c) Lowest noise level for RNC in the Pc4 band found Schwingenschuh et al. (2005) 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

7 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 7 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic GPS ground-space (a) The closest station to event of 24 th Nov., 04. (b) Time series  4 weeks (c) Daily solutions for: North component East component Up component (d) Days 32 and 33 (24 th /25 th,Nov., 2004). Cristea et al. (2005) 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

8 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 8 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic DEMETER/ICE observations Spectrogram of one electric component (E12) Time resolution: 2.048 sec. Frequency resolutions: (a) 78 Hz from 10 Hz to 1.7 kHz (b) 312 Hz between 1.7 kHz and 18 kHz. 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

9 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 9 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic Whistlers emission Chorus emissions Hiss emission One dynamic spectrum of one half-orbit has 980x1024 measurements (  10 6 points) 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

10 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 10 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic Second period: 23 rd, 24 th,25 th Nov. 2004 First period: 03 rd, 04 th, 05 th Nov. 2004 DEMETER observations: (a) Coverage in Latitude and Longitude (b) Two time periods 23 rd, 24 th,25 th Nov. 2004 03 rd, 04 th, 05 th Nov.2004 Event of 24 th Nov. 2004: (a) Lat. = 45.66°N, Long.=10.64°E (b) Time: 22:59:39 Event of 25 th Nov. 2004: (a) Lat. = 43.24°N, Long.= 15.58°E (b) Time: 06:21:19 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

11 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 11 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic Second period 23 rd, 24 th,25 th Nov. 2004 First period 03 rd, 04 th,05 th Nov. 2004 Frequency occurrence for all observed components (Hiss, Chorus, Equatorial Noise, Whistlers Frequency (fmin and fmax) occurrences are identical. 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

12 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 12 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic Earthquakes recorded in the period 01 Sept. – 31 Dec., 2004 2/3 events per day Magnitude ~ 5.3 25 th Nov. 20004 Selected period of Earthquakes 08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct., 2004 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

13 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 13 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic DEMETER/ICE observations 08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct., 2004 1 kHz 5 kHz 10 kHz 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

14 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 14 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic Result of the cross-correlation between ELF/VLF emissions and Earthquakes magnitudes Correlation Coefficient Frequenc y (Hz) Lag (Day) 0.58664.0635 0.50 683.5945 0.505410.165 0.505429.69 5 0.50 17070.3 2 Cross-correlation (a) We consider the cross-correlation equal/bigger than 0.5 (b) ELF Emissions (freq.~ 650 Hz) and VLF (freq. ~ 5.5 kHz and freq. ~17 kHz). ‘seem’ to be correlated to the Earthquakes magnitudes. (c) The lag-time is about 5 days before the Earthquakes. 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion

15 Workshop on Earthquakes: Ground- based and Space Observations 15 ICE experiment onboard DEMETER satellite Case study of two seismic events in the Adriatic 1. ICE experiment DEMETER micro-satellite 2. Selected Adriatic seismic events ( 24 th and 25 th Nov., 2004) 3. Ground-based and Space observations 3.1. ULF ground Network 3.2. GPS ground-space 3.3. DEMETER/ICE 3.3.1. Spectral method as tool to characterize the ELF/VLF emission activity 3.3.2. Classification of ‘well’ known ionospheric emissions 3.3.3. Adriatic seismic events 3.3.4. Statistical studies of ELF/VLF emissions as recorded by DEMETER/ICE 4. Cross-correlation (08 th Sept. – 23 rd Oct.2004) 4.1. Selected Earthquakes 4.2. Selected DEMETER/ICE 4.3 Cross-correlation 5. Conclusion Conclusion (a) DEMETER observations: ELF/VLF occurrences are found to be similar before (few days) and during the two Adriatic seismic events. (b) DEMETER ELF/VLF emissions versus Earthquakes magnitudes: ELF emissions ‘seem’ to be more adapted for earthquakes precursors studies. This results could be a simple ‘coincidence’ (c) Define precise methods which lead to combine the ground-based and space observations.

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