1. Greeks In general, Greek art is what all art is compared.
Archaic Kuoros
In general, Greek art is what all art is compared.
Broken into three main periods
Archaic “old” BC
Styles for human depiction established
Classical 4th and 5th century BC
Reproduce idealistic representations of form
480 to 330 BC (after Persian invasion of Athens to Alexander the Great's change of power)
Hellenistic 1st Century BC
Greek culture in non-Greek lands
Greeks called themselves Hellens
Classical: Hermes
Hellenistic: Venus De Milos

2. Etruscans Found in NW Italy formally Villanovans Introduced Iron work
Became known as Etruscans after they established flourishing city-states.
Traded with Eastern Lands (Asia)
Traded with Greece
Adopted the Greek Alphabet for their own written language.
Art was used to determine that the previously established Villanovans were in fact the Etruscans
AMPHORA
Villanovans fired a dull gray aka IMPASTO style(top)
Etruscans fired a shiny black (bottom)
BUCCHHERO STYLE- BLACK during reduction firing.

3. Pottery and Jewelry Fibular (safety Pins) Bronze Mirrors Gift to women
Set in a castae

4. Greeks & Etruscans Etruscans:
Minimal influence from Near Eastern Culture.
Tombs (tumuli) lined streets of wealthy cemeteries (rectangular box shapes)
Greeks:
Deities classical style
Common people humble style
Powerful and wealthy
Etruscan Abecedarium on a Baccurro container for display purposes

5. Architecture Etruscans: Greek:
Pronaos- Deep porch (only accessible from one side.)
Cella- Deep sanctuary.
Columns only on front
Checkered ceiling tombs
EX:Temple at Veii (on a tall podium)
Greek:
Shorter height
Access from all sides
Columns on all four sides
Ex: Parthenon

6. Roman Temple Temple of Jupiter Optimus aka Capitolinus
Greek Style of columns
General Etruscan layout
Etruscan artist: Vulca
Burned during reign of Sulla
Sulla had it rebuilt (didn't live to see it)
Augustus had it repaired
Burned again during reign of Vespian who again rebuilt it
Burned again during reign of Titus
Finally plundered and destroyed during the sacking of Rome

7. Sarcophagus and Urns Ash Urns: Canopic Human features
Human shaped head for lid
EX: Canopic Urn BC
Terra Cotta Sarcophagus
Celebrated the life they lived.
Often included depiction of spouse.
4th and 6th century- Generalized or idealized features
Later pieces for more individualized.
EX: Etruscan Sarcophagus from Cerveteri (6th century)

8. Additional Etruscan Urns
Biconical Urn   ~   Hut Shaped Urn   ~   Canopic Style Urn

9. Sarcophagus (Atypical Etruscan)
(Left)Urn of Arnth Velimnas
Tomb of the Volumnii
Individualized older man
(Right) From Vulci
Husband and wife
Wife is idealized and husband is individualized.
Similar to the Terracotta husband and wife sarcophagus