1. Liz LaRosa for use with my 5 th Grade Science Class http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009 http://www.middleschoolscience.com

2. The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.

3. ___________layer 55 –_____km thick MMade of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum

4. Layer of Earth _______the _______and the ____ Contains ______of the Earth’s _________ Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust Is _________than the crust

5. AAsthenosphere: from greek word “______”. ZZone of weak, easily deformed rock in the upper mantle. LLithosphere: from greek word “_______”. _________on the asthenoshpere IIncludes all of the _______and part of the upper _________. _________rigid portion of the Earth DDivided into ________major plates…

6.  _____the ______and to the center of the Earth  Believed to be ________Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium

8.  Greek – “tektonikos” of a _________  _________scientists use to explain plate movement  Pieces of the lithosphere that _____around  Each plate has a _______  Fit together like _________puzzles  Float on top of ______similar to ____cubes in a bowl of water

9. PPlates in __________motion….very slow MMoves only few cm per year BBoundaries where plates _______are usually the site of _________and volcanoes _________of plates _______Earth’s _______to ________constantly and dramatically (crumpling rocks, folding them, stretching and cracking) MMoves continents around globe CCauses earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

10.  Transfer of _______  ________take place _______a source of heat.  Ex. Hot water is less dense than cold water and rises, causing convection currents which transport energy.

11. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html

12. PPlates move ______from each other along _______boundaries PPlates ______along a ________boundary PPlates _____past each other along _____fault boundaries TThese plate movements have produced _____of the world’s volcanoes, earthquakes, high mountain ranges, and deep ocean trenches

13. http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml Alfred Wegener 1900’s Continents were once a _______land mass that ________apart. ________of the same plants and animals are found on different continents Called this supercontinent _______, Greek for “all Earth” ______Million years ago

14.  The continents and oceans are ____Earth’s ________.  Because plates ______, the continents we live on today were ______places in the past.  They will ______to ______in other positions in the future!

17.  Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater _______ chains that run through the Earth’s Basins  ______ _____to the surface and _____and _____crust forms  _____Crust is _____ farther away from the ridge

18. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

19.  Caused by _____being pushed _____under a plate  Magma presses against _____  _____and stretches lithosphere until it cracks  Magma _____into the gap and _____to form new crust

21. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

22. http://www.geology.com

24.  _____kinds of collisions possible  ______plate collide with ______plate: one of the plates is pushed under the other. ▪ The plate that is forced down, melts…creating a trench  _____ _______plates collide: one forced under other. ▪ Plates crumple and fold, forming mountain ranges  _____plate collides with _____plate: oceanic plate forced downward. ▪ Mountains and volcanoes form along the boundary between plates

25.  80% of the worlds volcanoes and 90% of all earthquakes occur along convergent boundaries!!!

27. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

28. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

29. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

30.  _____plates move past each other in _____directions

31. www.geology.com

32.  95% of all earthquakes occur at or near the edges of moving plates, along great cracks in Earth’s crust called faults.

33. AAs plates ______to move, rocks put under great ______ RRocks bend and stretch until they reach their ______point SSuddenly, rocks ______and move into ______positions AA jolt on energy is released ▪F▪Felt as ______ ▪(▪(watch YOU TUBE video)

34.  A volcano is a ______that may form around the ______as the lava cinders build up  Occurs at ______boundaries

35.  ______, or molten rock beneath Earth’s surface is ______up through an ______in Earth’s surface.  Molten rock _____as lava  Hot molten _____is pushed ______to form ______mountains

37.  In the South Pacific the water is much warmer than normal. Environmentalists have said that Global Warming causes it. Other Scientists have noted there is a substantial amount of volcanic activity in that same area. It has a tendency to warm water, also. Here’s an interesting set of photos.

63.  Name the 3 main layers of the Earth  What is a tectonic plate?  What was Pangea?  What is Sea-Floor spreading?  Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one  What are earthquakes and how do they happen?  What are volcanoes and how do they form?