1. Striation – linear grooves formed in the surface of some minerals as they grow.

2. Plate Tectonics

3. Geologic Time 4600 543 248 65

4. The Prune Effect - 1800s - (failed attempt 1) The molten Earth cools and contracts The crust wrinkles and crumples Mountains form What about rift valleys? What about shape and position of the continents?

5. Rift Valley

6. The Expanding Earth – (failed attempt 2) 20 th century - radioactive decay Land masses are ripped apart Explains the continents What about the mountains?

7. - An idea before its time - Alfred Wegener 1915 - Processor to plate tectonics Continental Drift Pangaea - supercontinent Fragmented and floated around

8. Pangaea 200 million years ago Super Continent

9. Lines of Evidence Matching Coastlines Matching Geology Glacial Deposits Fossil Evidence Apparent Polar Wandering

11. Matching Coatlines

12. Where is the coastline?

13. Matching Geology

14. The Collision

15. The Separation

16. Glacial Deposits Striations

19. Fossil Evidence Glossopteris

20. Mesosaurus - links South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

21. Apparent Polar Wandering

22. A study by S. K. Runcorn in the 1950s, indicated that the magnetic north pole had apparently moved over the last 500 million years, from Hawaii to its present location.

23. All the parts are in place, but 1. How are the continents moving?

24. The Revolution Begins early 1960s

25. Ring Of Fire

26. Discovery of Midoceanic Ridge Detailed sea-floor mapping

27. Harry Hess - essay in geopoetry * Sea-floor spreading hypothesis

28. Paleomagnetism Youngest rock in the center

30. Unifying Theory - Plate Tectonics

31. Tectonic cycle- deals with the movement and interactions of the lithospheric plates.

32. Seafloor Spreading and Plate Boundaries

33. Plate Boudaries / Margins Divergent Plate Bounderies 1. continental - rift valleys

34. Divergent Plate Boundaries 2. ocean - midoceanic ridge / spreading sea floor

35. Transform Plate Bounderies San Andreas Fault

36. Convergent Plate Bounderies Oceanic - Continental Oceanic - Oceanic Continental - Continental Andes Mountains Japan, Philippines Himalaya Mountains

37. West Coast of United States

38. Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Boundaries

42. Benioff Zone Associated with Subduction

43. How old is the ocean floor?

44. Driving Mechanism - convection currents