1. Two sources of Energy on Earth Topic 1: The Origin of Oil

2. Solar energy drives: Wind, photosynthesis, ocean thermal energy, hydrologic cycle. Fossil fuel = stored solar energy. Energy sourced by accretion of the Earth system: Geothermal, tides, presence of fissionable elements BIG ENERGY FLUX SMALL ENERGY FLUX/SOURCE Two sources of Energy on Earth Topic 1: The Origin of Oil

3. Power versus Energy Topic 1: The Origin of Oil Power = energy per unit time 1 Watt= 1 kg m /s 3 = 1 Joule/s Energy = kWh (kiloWatt hour)

4. Power Provided From the Sun 340 watts/m 2 (Power of sunlight per square meter) x (area of all continents) 170 watts/m 2 x 148 x 10 12 m 2 = 25,000 TW Global Energy Consumption is about 12 TW Earth’s stored + radioactive heat= 44 TW

5. BIG ENERGY FLUX (25,000 TW to the continents) Topic 1: The Origin of Oil

6. Solar energy drives: Wind, photosynthesis, ocean thermal energy, hydrologic cycle. Fossil fuel = stored solar energy. Energy sourced by accretion of the Earth system: Geothermal, tides, presence of fissionable elements BIG ENERGY FLUX SMALL ENERGY FLUX/SOURCE Topic 2: What makes Oil so Special?

7. SolventsDiesel fuelMotor OilBearing Grease InkFloor WaxBallpoint PensFootball Cleats UpholsterySweatersBoatsInsecticides Bicycle Tires Sports Car Bodies Nail PolishFishing lures DressesTiresGolf BagsPerfumes Cassettes Dishwasher parts Tool BoxesShoe Polish Motorcycle Helmet CaulkingPetroleum JellyTransparent Tape CD PlayerFaucet WashersAntisepticsClothesline Curtains Food Preservatives BasketballsSoap Vitamin Capsules AntihistaminesPursesShoes DashboardsCortisoneDeodorantFootballs PuttyDyesPanty HoseRefrigerant PercolatorsLife Jackets Rubbing Alcohol Linings SkisTV CabinetsShag RugsElectrician's Tape Tool Racks Car Battery Cases EpoxyPaint MopsSlacks Insect Repellent Oil Filters UmbrellasYarnFertilizersHair Coloring RoofingToilet SeatsFishing RodsLipstick Denture Adhesive LinoleumIce Cube TraysSynthetic Rubber SpeakersPlastic Wood Electric Blankets Glycerin Tennis RacketsRubber CementFishing BootsDice Nylon RopeCandlesTrash BagsHouse Paint Water PipesHand LotionRoller SkatesSurf Boards ShampooWheelsPaint RollersShower Curtains Guitar StringsLuggageAspirinSafety Glasses Antifreeze Football Helmets AwningsEyeglasses ClothesToothbrushesIce ChestsFootballs CombsCD's & DVD'sPaint BrushesDetergents VaporizersBalloonsSun GlassesTents Heart ValvesCrayonsParachutesTelephones EnamelPillowsDishesCameras AnestheticsArtificial TurfArtificial limbsBandages DenturesModel CarsFolding DoorsHair Curlers Cold creamMovie film Soft Contact lenses Drinking Cups Fan BeltsCar EnamelShaving CreamAmmonia RefrigeratorsGolf BallsToothpasteGasoline A partial list of products made from Petroleum (144 of 6000 items) One 42-gallon barrel of oil creates 19.4 gallons of gasoline. The rest (over half) is used to make things like:

8. Fossil fuel has made energy cheap! Power = energy per unit time 1 Watt= 1 kg m /s 3 = 1 Joule/s Energy = kW h (kiloWatt hour) Work by one person 50 W x 24 hrs 1000 Wh or ~1 KWh/day Topic 2: What makes Oil so Special?

9. 1 KWh per day is about what’s required to keep a 100 W light bulb going for 10 hours. We pay about 32¢ per KWh for electricity on Oahu - so we get the equivalent energy of a hard-working person for 32¢ per day. 1 “Barrel of oil equivalent (BOE)” = 1700 KWh or 1700 days or 1700 x 20= 34,000 hrs of hard human labor.

10. 10 The expansion of human civilization is strongly linked to access to cheap, high-quality energy sources. My Birthday 1967

11. Modern agriculture requires more than ten units of fossil fuel energy for every unit of energy eaten. Take away fossil fuels, and productivity will decrease greatly. “Soil is the catalyst used to turn oil into food.”

12. About 85% of our food and staples come to Hawaii on ships that burn oil. The average North American meal travels 1,500 miles before it gets to your plate.

13. In 2010 about 80% of Hawaii’s electricity is generated from oil. Today its about 70%. In 5 yrs we’ve added about 10% of energy from renewables!

14. Topic 3: What’s the Problem?

15. Petroleum reserves and usage Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Production, thousand barrels/day

19. OPEC reserves history from BP statistical review of world energy 2010 OPEC reserves history from BP statistical review of world energy 2010 adjusted over time for cumulative production.

20. 2010 World Energy Outlook Report by the International Energy Agency (IEA)

24. Topic 4: Life without cheap oil, or life after peak oil (see http://energy-reality.org/primer/)

25. Topic 4: Life without cheap oil, or life after peak oil (see http://energy-reality.org/primer/) Nuclear Geothermal Solar

26. Topic 4: Life without cheap oil, or life after peak oil (see http://energy-reality.org/primer/)

27. Topic 4: Life without cheap oil, or life after peak oil (see http://energy-reality.org/primer/)