1. Global Regents Review #4

2.  Era of relative peace and prosperity in Europe. Means “_________________” as it is a revival of learning based on Greek and Roman ideas. Most of these ideas came from the Muslim Empires of the Middle East, as they maintained records throughout the Dark Ages.  Because of the ___________, trade increased. Many different cities along the Italian coast (_____________) gained vast wealth from trade. A new social class emerged who supported the arts. These people were called ________________, and supported the work of Da Vinci and Michelangelo. rebirth Crusades Venice patrons

3. Many inventions were created, including the _________________. The printing press led to an increase in education and broke the power of the _______________________, as people began to challenge authority.  The printing press gave rise to __________________, a new philosophy from the Renaissance. This gave credence to the idea that individual people had _________________, and that people should explore the human experience. Essentially, it valued human _______________________. printing press Roman Catholic Church Humanism value individuality

4.  Writers also flourished during this period. ___________________ wrote many of his plays during this period. However, an important writer was ________________________, who wrote the book The Prince. In this book, he wrote about the best form of government, promoting a _______________________. This ruler should do whatever it takes to maintain their power.  Ideas of the Renaissance led to many other major events in history: _________________, _______________________, ________________________, and ____________________. Shakespeare Nicollo Machiavelli single ruler Exploration Protestant Reformation Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment

5.  With the invention of the printing press, more books were available. The first book printed was the _________________. Because more people learned to read, they saw issues with what the _____________________________________ was telling people. Because of this, ________________________, a monk, wrote the ______________________, 95 things he found a problem with in the Roman Catholic Church’s teaching. Bible Roman Catholic Church Martin Luther 95 Theses

6.  His goal was to __________ the Church, but ended up splitting the Church into two different sects: _________________ and _______________________.  Once Martin Luther’s ideas were spread around Europe, numerous other groups challenged the authority of the Pope and broke away from the Catholic Church: the _________________________ in England, and the development of ________________________ by John Calvin. reform Protestant Catholic Anglican Calvinism

7.  Contact with the Middle East during the __________ led to the use of new _______________________. This allows Europeans to build vessels that can travel farther than before.  The Crusades also increased trade with the Middle East, especially for goods from the Far East (India and China.) Enormous profits could be had from this trade. Europeans wanted to cut out the __________________, so they began to seek out new trade routes. Crusades technology middle man

8.  Europeans were unaware of how big the continents were. The first explorers worked their way down the coast of _____________. Because it was so far to reach India, _____________________ decided to find an alternate trade route by sailing west. What he found was the __________________.  Because Columbus sailed for ________________, they were able to claim and create an empire in the New World. Very quickly, the __________ and __________________ were defeated, due to the superior Spanish technology. Also, millions of Native Americans died due to exposure to __________________, a disease native to the Old World. Africa Christopher Columbus New World Spain Aztec Inca small pox

9.  In America, the Spanish built huge plantations for crops called _______________________, where they had Natives working the land. As the Natives died out, the Spanish turned to the ________________ to work their plantations. This led to the beginnings of the ________________________ and slavery in America.  Because the Spanish Empire was a royal colony, the king appointed a ______________ to rule for him in America. Also developing during this time was a new __________________ structure and included new classes such as __________________, _____________________, and _________________. encomiendas Africans African Slave Trade Viceroy social class peninsulars creoles mestizoes

10.  The numerous new products found in the Americas led to an increase in trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. This new trade was called the ________________________________. This helped develop our ______________, as a number of common foods in today’s world were exchanged. Columbian Exchange modern diet