1. HIV/AIDS With NetLogo, AgentSheets, and Stella

2. Red Blood Cells Use Hemoglobin to carry oxygen. 5.2x10 6 per cubic millimeter of blood Carry 300% more oxygen than plasma Carries CO 2 and waste away from tissue.

3. White Blood cells Types of WBCs –Neutrophils –Eosinophils –Basophiles –Monocytes –Helper T cells –Cytotoxic T cells –Memory T cells –Suppressor T cells

4. HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Advanced Immunodeficiency Syndrome Transferred through direct bodily contact Attacks Helper T-cells Can only be transferred through unprotected intercourse and the sharing of needles

5. Anatomy of the HIV Virus Gp120 Envelope Protein Gp41 Envelope Protein P17 matrix protein P24 Capsule Protein Reverse Transcriptase The Lipid Membrane Image from www.howstuffworks.comwww.howstuffworks.com

6. Possible Infections Virus travels through Bloodstream Proteins cut and packaged with RNA Budding new viruses AIDS virus attaches to a CD4 receptor Killer t-cells destroy affected cells Transcription HIV attacks t-cells Reverse Transcription

7. Stopping The Virus

8. And now, Shodor Scholars Program presents… Modeling of HIV and Hepatitis B using NetLogo, AgentSheets, and STELLA

9. Hepatitis B Effects in the Bloodstream and in a Community

10. Transmission Unprotected intercourse Sharing needles Children of infected parents

11. Risk Groups Promiscuity House hold contacts with an infected person Children born to infected mothers

12. Prevention Hepatitis B vaccine Safe Intercourse Personal evaluation of the disease Hospital testing

13. Symptoms Jaundice Fatigue Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Joint pain

14. Developing Chronic Hepatitis vaccination 90% of infants affected at birth 30% of children affected at age 1-5 6% of person affected at 5 Altogether 15-25% of infected persons

15. Trends and Statistics Number of infections per year declined since 1980 Highest rate runs from 20-49% 30% of infected people don’t show symptoms

16. Trends and Statistics The greatest decline occurs in children and adolescents Effective vaccines available since 1982 Hepatitis is 100x easier to catch than HIV (AIDS)

17. Conclusions –As the virus spread, the immune system is weakened.

18. Conclusions In the two-disease model, the second disease progresses faster. The earlier one begins risky behavior, the more drastic the deaths in community.

19. Conclusions Increased deaths also results in increase in risky behavior. The same conclusions arise from global and local model.

20. Conclusions –While not necessarily an acceptable societal choice, the models show that higher mortality could lead to lower diseased population