1. Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Electronics for a sustainable and secure Energy Supply Michael Weinhold Technology and Innovation Siemens AG, Energy Sector

2. Seite 2 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Challenges and Solutions for the energy system Goal: efficient, reliable, flexible, safe and secure energy supply infrastructure Increased use of renewable and distributed energy resources. Distribution within congested areas / mega cities. Bulk power transmission over long distances High efficient fossil power plants Urbanization Scarcity of natural resources Climate Change Need for more energy Open markets

3. Seite 3 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Future grids require more flexibility Increased energy trading Increasing distance between generation and load Fluctuating infeed Increasing short- circuit currents High supply quality along with greater network complexity and vulnerability Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids Integration of distributed energy resources Cost pressure Aging infrastructure and lack of experts Legal & regulatory framework

4. Seite 4 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Advanced Power Transmission Solutions with HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current Transmission) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems) Symbols: Series compensation DC Transmission & Interconnection ~ North System 50 Hz South System 60 Hz Central System 60 Hz Clean & Low Cost Energy Tariff Bulk Power & Long Distance Tariff Power Exchange Power Exchange – Asynchronous Networks Avoidance of Loop Flows ~ Submarine Cable Link Submarine Cable Link Parallel compensation voltage control

5. Seite 5 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Series Compensator for AC Line in Brasil (1997) Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) in Serra da Mesa - Increase of Power Transfer Capacity to 1300MW - Stabilisation of Transmission Grid (up to 500 POD/day) - Power Rating 107MVAr - Transmission Voltage 550kV

6. Seite 6 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Components and principle technologies of High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC) ~ = = ~ AC Grid 1 DC HVDC ClassicHVDC PLUS AC Grid 2 C A G G E C

7. Seite 7 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold DC lineSystem 1System 2 AC AC Long Distance Back-to-Back System 1System 2 AC AC DC Cable DC cable ACAC System 2System 1 Siemens HVDC Technology HVDC Applications

8. Seite 8 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Bipolar Transmission Line Terminal ATerminal B Pole 1 Pole 2 Transmission Line Terminal ATerminal B Monopolar Siemens HVDC Technology HVDC Long Distance Transmission Systems

9. Seite 9 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Right of way comparison

10. Seite 10 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Customer: Neptune RTS Project name: Neptune Location: New York/ New Jersey Long Island Type of Plant: Long Distance Sea Cable Power Rating: 660 MW, monopolar Trans. distance: 105 km Sea Cable + 23 km Land Cable Voltage levels: 500 kV DC 230/345 kV, 60Hz Thyristor voltage: 8 kV (LTT) Neptune, USA, 2007 “Black out prevention for mega cities” Manhattan JFK

11. Seite 11 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold The Trans Bay Cable project with HVDC PLUS  Little room for the power converter stations  High seismic requirements  Complex interaction with the AC grid (low harmonics, existing SVC etc.) New self-commutating HVDC PLUS topology  ± 200kV, 400MW capacity  90km of extruded XLPE marine cable

12. Seite 12 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Customer: Moyle Interconnector Ltd. Project name: Moyle Interconnector Location: Northen Ireland – Scotland Type of plant: Long-distance transmission submarine cable Power rating: 2 x 250 MW Trans. distance: 64 km Voltage levels: 2 x 250 kV DC 275 kV, 50 Hz Type of thyristor: Direct-light triggered 8 Kv Nos. of thyristors: 1872 Moyle Interconnector, Northern Ireland, 2001

13. Seite 13 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnerctor  Customer: Red Eléctrica de España  400 MW, 250 kV 8 kV LTT 250 km sea-cable  52% Reduction in CO 2 by using energy mix from mainland instead of building an oil-fired power plant on the island  Operation scheduled for May 2011  Order volume 100´€ Enabled CO 2 abatement: 1.200.000 t/a

14. Seite 14 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Example for reduced transmission losses: 2500MW HVDC to Dehli  500kV / 2500MW HVDC Transmission  ca. 40% lower losses compared to the locally typical 400kV AC transmission CO 2 abatement: 688.000 t/a

15. Seite 15 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Customer: Basslink PTY Ltd. (NGT Int. Ltd.) Location: Tasmania-Victoria Supplier: Tas-Vic Interconnector Consortium Siemens / Pirelli Type of Plant: Long Distance Sea Cable / OHL Power rating: 500 MW monopolar Trans. distance: 286 km DC cable 70 km OHL Basslink HVDC Interconnector, 2005 “Green Energy for Australia”

16. Seite 16 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Customer: State Power South Company Project name: Guizhou - Guangdong Location: Guizhou Province and Guangzhou near Hongkong Type of plant: Long-distance transmission Power rating: 3000 MW, bipolar Trans. distance: 980 km Voltage levels: ± 500 kV DC, 525 kV Type of thyristor: 8 kV (LTT) Nos. of thyristors: 3744 Guizhou - Guangdong, China, 2004

17. Seite 17 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold Example of Connecting renewable Energies: Hydro Power in China via High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)  Only HVDC allows transfer of Hydro Power from Yunnan into the Hong-Kong area.  HVDC with highest- ever rating of 5000 MW over distance of 1400 km.  First ever 800kV HVDC.  Order received 6/2007 from China Southern Power Grid Avoiding emmission of 30 Mt CO 2 per year

18. Seite 18 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold 800kV DC transformer bushing at the test lab of TU Graz For China 500kV is not enough: 800kV UHV DC

19. Seite 19 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and Distribution Michael Weinhold GuG II 2007 GuG I 2004 Ge-Nan 1989 Neptune 2007 Poste Châte. 1984 Basslink ESI 2003/2007 Thailand- Malaysia 2001 Moyle 2001 Acaray 1981 Lamar 2005 Virginia Smith 1987 Sylmar East 1995 TSQ 2000 Celilo 1997/2004 1977/1998 Cahora Bassa Nelson River 1977/2004 Welsh 1995 2005 Ballia- Bhiwadi 2009 TSQ Yunnan- Guangdon g World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation Trans Bay Cable 2010 Power Transmission and Distribution World’s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kV ! Etzenricht 1993 Wien Südost 1993 Dürnrohr 1983 Storebælt 2010 Bridnet 2009/2010 Status: 01-2008 Spain-Mallorca 2011 Siemens HVDC experience