1. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & maintenance
CEM 417
SOURCES FROM slide:
MOHD AMIZAN MOHAMD
MOHD FADZIL ARSHAD
SITI RASHIDAH MOHD NASIR
FKA, UiTM Shah Alam.

2. WEEK 7
Construction Plants

3. WEEK 7
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of week 7 lectures, student will be able to :
Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of stationary machines. (CO2; CO3).
Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of compaction machines. (CO2; CO3).

4. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - GRAB
A crane fitted with a grabbing bucket
Excavating efficiency is dependent upon the self weight of the attachment
Limited for fairy loose soil
Fitted with interlocking teeth
The clamshell has no teeth and only use for stockpiling very loose material such as sand
The whole unit is hung from the crane jib on a hoist rope

6. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL
Best operates from a flat prepared surface
Use for loading, excavation of embankment or berm, loosen and load material, mostly used in quarrying and road cuttings
Can be a crawler or wheeled mounted
Type of shovel:-
Face shovel
Drag shovel
Crowd shovel
Luffing shovel
Skimmer

7. crowding
Dipper stick
hoisting

8. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL
Factors for selecting the most advantages size and type of shovel:-
Type of material to be worked
Depth of banks to be cut
Swing angle that must be turned
Confinement or space restrictions
Job mobility
Haul cycle of the transporting equipment
Amount of work available
Skill of the operator

9. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE
Also known as pull shovel, drag shovel or simply as hoe
Used for excavating below the level of the tracks, e.g. trenches, basement, foundations and for other excavation work in confine situation.

10. Typical Hydraulic Operated Backactor

11. Detachable teeth depend on the type of soil

12. Detachable teeth depend on the type of soil

13. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE
Production rates depends on the depth of the excavation
The average bucket play load is equal to the heaped bucket capacity play load multiplied by the bucket fill factor
Bucket fill factor will depend on the type of soil
Fill factor e.g. :-
moist loan or sandy clay = 100%
Sand and gravel = 90 to 100%
Well blasted rock = 60 to 75%

14. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE

15. STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE
May only be used as a rope operated machine, a comparable hydraulic system is not available
Suitable in excavating loose and soft soil below the level of the machine
May be used as an alternative to backhoe
The bucket is cast out long from a boom, so that wide apart of excavation and dumping is possible
E.g. for river bottom, channels, canals, ditches and trench
Not suitable for confined space

16. TRENCHERS

17. TRENCHERS
Designed to excavate trenches of constant width with considerable accuracy and speed
widths available range from 250 to 450mm with depths up to 4m
Work on a conveyor principle having a series of a small cutting buckets attached to two end less chains which are supported by a boom that is lowered into the ground at the required depth

18. Compaction equipment

19. Compaction equipment

21. Steel cylinder roller
Two types:-
Non vibrating
Vibrating rollers

22. Steel cylinder roller Non vibrating Two types:-
Tandem (two-axle)
Three wheeled
Both types are self-propelled
Able to be ballasted (added weight) by adding water or sand to the rolls
Ballast normally required when operating the roller but may be removed when it is to be transported
Maximum effective layer compacted is 250mm

23. VIBRATING ROLLER Two major types:- Vibrating smooth drum rollers
Tractor drawn
Self-propelled
Important factors when considering vibrating rollers:-
Dynamic force- force exerted by the roller. Centrifugal force generated by a revolving eccentric shaft and total dead weight of the roller frame and drum
Frequency of vibration – no. of revolutions per minute made by the eccentric shaft
Amplitude of vibration- eccentric shaft rotates, the drum assembly moves up and down. Amplitude is the total distance the drum travels vertically.

24. Pneumatic tired rollers
Used on pavements such as sprayed or asphalt mix bitumen surfacing work
Suitable when material is cohesive, such as clays, clayey gravels or loams which is free from rock

25. Tamping roller
Has a steel drum fitted with ‘feet’ of one type of another
Example, sheepsfoot, wedgefoot and pad foot
Compacting layer up to 250 mm
Normal compaction for clay, clayey gravel and sandy clays
Poor performance on sandy gravels
Not suitable for compact sand
Self-propelled tamping foot roller
Tower sheepsfoot roller