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Parts of an Equation Types of Reactions
IPC Notes Parts of an Equation Types of Reactions
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What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is the act of changing substances into new substances. The products of the reaction have different chemical and physical properties.
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A Chemical Equation Instead of writing down the entire sentence “hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form dihydrogen monoxide (water)”, you could write the chemical equation.
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2H2 + O2c2H2O REACTANTS → PRODUCTS
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5 Parts of a Reaction reactants – the substances that exist before a reaction takes place; found on the left side of the equation
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5 Parts of a Reaction products – the substances that exist after a reaction takes place; found on the right side of the equation
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5 Parts of a Reaction subscripts – show the number of atoms in a chemical formula ex) H2O
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5 Parts of a Reaction coefficients – show the number of formula units in an equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
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5 Parts of a Reaction yield sign – the arrow that separates the reactants from the products
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Other Symbols in an Equation
(s) = substance is solid (l) = substance is liquid (g) = substance is a gas (aq) = substance is dissolved in water
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Other Symbols in an Equation
D = heat A formula written above or below an arrow means it is a catalyst (a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up by it.)
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Types of Reactions Synthesis Decomposition Single replacement
There are 5 types of reactions Synthesis Decomposition Single replacement Double replacement Combustion
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Synthesis Reaction A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. It will follow the form: A + B a AB Example: Fe + S a FeS
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Decomposition Reaction
A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products. It will follow the form: AB a A + B Example: CaCO3aCaO+CO2
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Single Replacement Reaction
One element replaces another element in a compound. Generally follows the form: AB + C a A + BC Example: Mg+Zn(NO3)2aZn+Mg(NO3)2
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Double Replacement Reaction
Two compounds create two new compounds as the product. Generally follows the formula: AB + CD a AD + CB Example: Na2S+Cd(NO3)2aCdS+2NaNO3
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Combustion Reaction A compound reacts with oxygen producing energy in the form of heat and light. Usually, it is a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen, and the outcome is always carbon dioxide and water.
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Combustion Reaction Follows the form: A + O2 a CO2 + H2O Example: CH4 + O2 a CO2 + 2H2O
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2Na + 2H2O a 2NaOH + H2 Single Replacement
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Fe + S a FeS Synthesis
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Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl aAlCl3 + 3NaOH
Double Replacement
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2PbO2 a 2PbO + 3O2 Decomposition
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Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 a BaSO4 + HCN Double Replacement
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C3H8 + 5O2 a 3CO2 + 4H2O Combustion
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4Li + O2 a 2Li2O Synthesis
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2Ag + 2HCl a 2AgCl + H2 Single Replacement
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2H2O2 a 2H2O + O2 Decomposition
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C2H2 + O2 a CO2 + H2O Combustion
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2HBr a H2 + Br2 Decomposition
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CrSO4 + 2AgNO3 a Cr(NO3)2 + Ag2SO4
Double Replacement
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