1. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation 8.Plant movements 9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology) 10.Something else?

2. Course Plan We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products Why do they make them?

3. Course Plan We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products Why do they make them? When do they make them?

4. Course Plan We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products Why do they make them? When do they make them? Where do they make them?

5. Course Plan We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products Why do they make them? When do they make them? Where do they make them? 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin: helps deter mammals, encourages dispersal by birds

6. Course Plan We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products Why do they make them? When do they make them? Where do they make them? 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine: deters insects?

7. Course Plan 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions(Allium cepa)? = syn-Propanethial-S-oxide: deters herbivory?

8. Course Plan 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin: quickly converted to allicin: anti-bacterial, anti-fungal

9. Course Plan 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Allicin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = raphanin & glucosinolates: anti-bacterial, anti-fungalRaphanus

10. Course Plan 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = raphanin, glucosinolatesRaphanus Mustard (Brassica juncea) = glucosinolates Basil (Ocimum basilicum) = eugenol (and others)

11. Course Plan 2. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = glucosinolatesRaphanus Mustard (Brassica juncea) = glucosinolates Basil (Ocimum basilicum) = eugenol (and others) Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) = lots of candidates!

12. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = glucosinolatesRaphanus Mustard (Brassica juncea) = glucosinolates Basil (Ocimum basilicum) = eugenol (and others) Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) = lots of candidates! Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) = menthol + many

13. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = glucosinolatesRaphanus Mustard (Brassica juncea) = glucosinolates Basil (Ocimum basilicum) = eugenol (and others) Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) = lots of candidates! Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) = menthol + many Catnip (Nepeta cataria) = nepetalactone

14. Pick some plants to study Capsicum (Chiles) = capsaicin Nicotiana (Tobacco) = nicotine Onions (Allium cepa)?= syn-Propanethial-S-oxide Garlic (Allium sativum)?= Alliin Radishes (Raphanus sativus) = glucosinolatesRaphanus Mustard (Brassica juncea) = glucosinolates Basil (Ocimum basilicum) = eugenol (and others) Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) = lots of candidates! Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) = menthol + many Catnip (Nepeta cataria) = nepetalactone Dill = dillapiole

15. We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products 2.Pick some plants to study 3. Get them growing

16. We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Get them growing 4.Pick stresses to study Germination can be tough, especially for non-crops

17. We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Get them growing 4.Pick stresses to study Germination can be tough, especially for non-crops Many stresses don’t affect seedlings until they have used up reserves

18. We will study effects of soil and stresses on plant secondary products and see where it leads us 1.Learn more about plant secondary products 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Get them growing 4.Pick stresses to study Germination can be tough, especially for non-crops Many stresses don’t affect seedlings until they have used up reserves Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending

19. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water?

20. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients?

21. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp?

22. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp? Pollution?

23. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp? Pollution? Ozone, other gases?

24. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp? Pollution? Ozone, other gases? Herbicides, eg Round-Up, Atrazine?

25. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp? Pollution? Ozone, other gases? Herbicides, eg Round-Up, Atrazine? Insects and other herbivores?

26. Plant Stress Won Senator Proxmire’s “Golden Fleece” award for wasteful government spending 1.Water? 2.Nutrients? 3.Environment? Temp? Pollution? Ozone, other gases? Herbicides, eg Round-Up, Atrazine? Insects and other herbivores? Pathogens = bacteria, viruses, fungi

27. Plant Stress Next assignment: presenting a plant stressor, what is known about it, and why it might affect plant 2˚ compounds in an ~ 10 minute presentation?

28. Plant Stress Next assignment: presenting a plant stressor, what is known about it, and why it might affect plant 2˚ compounds in an ~ 10 minute presentation? Alternative: presenting another good plant/stressor response to study and why we should choose it over the ones already presented.

29. Mineral Nutrition Studied by soil-free culture in nutrient solutions:

30. Mineral Nutrition Studied by soil-free culture in nutrient solutions: Hoagland’s is best known

31. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture: don’t really control nutrients

32. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture: don’t really control nutrients Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution

33. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture: don’t really control nutrients Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution Rapidly deplete nutrients & O 2 & alter pH

34. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture: don’t really control nutrients Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution Rapidly deplete nutrients & O 2 & alter pH Slanted film maintains [nutrients] & O 2

35. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution Slanted film maintains [nutrients] & O 2 Aeroponics sprays nutrient solution on roots

36. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS

37. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers

38. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers N deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

39. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers P deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

40. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers S deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

41. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers K makes turgor, enzyme cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

42. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

43. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

44. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

45. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMg Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

46. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMgBNaCl Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

47. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

48. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration in C4, K substitute mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

49. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regenerationin C4, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

50. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl others include Cu, Zn, Mn B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance Cu: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

51. Mineral Nutrition Commercial fertilizers mainly supply NPK

52. Plant food 2.6% ammoniacal nitrogen 4.4% nitrate nitrogen 9% phosphorus 5% potassium calcium (2%) magnesium (0.5%) sulfur (0.05%) boron (0.02%) chlorine (0.1%) cobalt (0.0015%) copper (0.05%) iron (0.1%) manganese (0.05%) molybdenum (0.0009%) nickel (0.0001%) sodium (0.10%) zinc (0.05%)