1. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 4 Transforming and Distorting Objects

2. Objectives Transform objects Offset and outline paths Create compound paths Work with the Pathfinder panel Create clipping masks © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

3. Transform Objects Defining the Transform Tools –Transformation occurs when an object’s size, shape, or position is changed on artboard –Tools panel contains five transform tools: Rotate Scale Reflect Shear Free Transform © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

4. Transform Objects Defining the point of origin –All transformations executed in relation to a fixed point and called point of origin –Default point of origin is object’s center point –You can change center point to another point on the object or somewhere else on the artboard © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

5. Transform Objects Four basic methods for transforming objects: Click a transform tool, then click and drag anywhere on artboard Double-click transform tool, which opens tool’s dialog box © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

6. Transform Objects Four basic methods for transforming objects: Click a transform tool, then click artboard to define point of origin Click transform tool, press [Alt](Win) or [option](Mac), then click artboard and tool's dialog box opens © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

7. Transform Objects The Reflect Tool flips an image All transformations are executed from a point of origin © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

8. Transform Objects Use the Transform Again command –Repeat a transformation again quickly with the Transform Again command –Quickest way to use Transform Again command is to press [Ctrl][D](Win) or  [D](Mac) © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

9. Transform Objects Using the Transform Each command –Command allows you to transform multiple objects individually –Transform Each dialog box offers options to move, scale, rotation, or reflect an object among others © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

10. Transform Objects © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning Before After The eight squares are rotated on their own center points

11. Transform Objects Using the Free Transform Tool –The Free Transform Tool applies an eight- handled bounding box to a selected image Move handles to scale and shear object Click and drag outside the object to rotate the object © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

12. Transform Objects Using the Free Transform Tool –Moving handles in conjunction with keyboard commands allows you to distort the object, or distort object in perspective Press and hold [Shift][Ctrl](Win) or [Shift]  (Mac) to distort image Press and hold [Shift][Alt][Ctrl](Win) or [Shift][option]  (Mac) while dragging to distort in perspective © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

13. Transform Objects Transform panel displays information about size, orientation, and location of one or more selected objects –Type new values directly into the Transform panel to modify selected objects –You can identify the reference point on the bounding box from which the object will be transformed © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

14. Transform Objects Use the Free Transform Tool to distort objects in perspective © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

15. Transform Objects Height text box Shear text box Width text box Rotate text box Transform panel list arrow © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

16. Offset and Outline Path Command Offset Path command creates a copy of a selected path set off by a specific distance –Useful when working with closed paths – making concentric shapes or making many copies of a path at a regular distance from original © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

17. Offset and Outline Path Command –When you offset a closed path: Positive value creates larger copy outside original Negative value creates a smaller copy inside original © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

18. Offset and Outline Path Command Concentric circles produced by the Scale tool Concentric circles produced by the Offset Path command © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

19. Offset and Outline Path Command Outline Stroke command converts a stroke path into a closed path the same width as original stroke path Useful for applying gradient to a stroke © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

20. Offset and Outline Path Command The Outline Stroke command converts a stroked path to a closed object © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

21. Create Compound Paths Compound path - used to make ‘hole’ or ‘holes’ in an object –Select the object in back and the object in front and apply the Make Compound Path command –If you move the front object independently, it yields interesting results which Illustrator calls compound shapes © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

22. Create Compound Paths Defining a compound path –When two or more objects are compounded, Illustrator defines them as one object –Compound paths function as groups Select and manipulate an individual element with Direct Selection tool Cannot change appearance attributes independently © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

23. Create Compound Paths Releasing a compound path –Apply the Release Compound Path command to return objects to original composition © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

24. Create Compound Paths The letter D is an example of a compound path © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

25. Create Compound Paths Manipulating compound paths can yield interesting effects © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

26. Work with the Pathfinder Panel A compound shape is two or more paths combined so that ‘holes’ appear © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

27. Work with the Pathfinder Panel Shape modes and Pathfinders are preset operations that help combine paths. The Pathfinder panel contains ten buttons for creating compound shapes –Useful for creating complex or irregular shapes from basic © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

28. Work with the Pathfinder Panel You can create a compound shape by overlapping two or more objects, then clicking one of the four shape mode buttons in the top row of the Pathfinder panel. © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

29. Work with the Pathfinder Panel © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning Unite Minus Front Intersect Exclude Divide Trim Merge Crop Outline Minus Back

30. Work with the Pathfinder Panel No Filter Unite Minus Front Intersect Minus Back Divide © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

31. Work with the Pathfinder Panel After applying a shape mode button, the resulting objects in the compound shape can be selected and formatted using the Direct Selection tool. You can also press [Alt] (Win) or [option] (Mac) when you click a shape mode button. © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

32. Create Clipping Masks A clipping mask can be used as a ‘window’ to see some or all of the objects behind the mask in the stacking order © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

33. Create Clipping Masks –Apply Make Clipping Mask command Top object becomes the mask Objects behind become ‘masked’ –Only parts of masked object seen will be through mask © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

34. Create Clipping Masks Four objects being masked Black circle becomes mask © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

35. Create Clipping Masks Using multiple objects as a clipping mask –Make objects into compound path –Single object can be used as a single mask Creating mask effects –Position as many items as you want behind mask © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning

36. Create Clipping Masks © 2010 Delmar Cengage Learning