1. Measurement of Social Impact Generated through Clean Cooking Solutions Allie Glinski Gender and Development Specialist International Center for Research on Women

2. 2 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Process for Defining, Measuring and Reporting on Social Impact Objectives: –Gain consensus on the key and realistically measurable components and pathways through which the clean cooking sector creates social impact –Create a collection of standardized indicators & measurement methodologies –Create a centralized data capture, management, and analysis system Why? –To allow partners to track and analyze progress –To aggregate the social impact of the clean cooking sector at a global level How? –Map and define relevant social impacts –Select key domains of social impact for measurement –Draft indicators –Select/create measurement methodologies –Develop a data capture and management system –Pilot M&E system –Modify and adjust –Roll out ICRW Phase 1

3. 3 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key findings from initial mapping & literature review The Alliance has a specific interest in understanding and focusing on women’s empowerment and livelihood creation, as both are core areas of the mission. Women’s empowerment in particular has been loosely used in the sector and there is a need to clarify which social impacts actually lead to empowerment. Women’s empowerment —defined as the combination of increased access to resources and improved agency—will likely be enhanced for women who are engaged in the clean cooking value chain When women are empowered through the clean cooking value chain, it can have a multiplier effect on adoption and use of clean cooking solutions There are robust livelihood measurements in other sectors that can be applied and adapted for the cooking sector. It is well established that one of the biggest impacts that adoption and use of clean cooking solutions has on women is through time saved –However, the nuances of time shifts need to be considered in varying contexts –What exactly women do with this new free time is not well understood –It may be enough to know that women have more time—what results from the activities they choose to do with that time, is a bit removed from the actual adoption and use of the clean cooking solution Less time spent collecting firewood means decreased vulnerability to safety risks and decreased drudgery Previously established measurement frameworks exist that we can build off of: Progress out of Poverty (PPI), W+ Standard, IRIS, Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture (WEAI), Environment and Gender Index (EGI), Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) indicators, Gold Standard, Gender GEDI Index

4. 4 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Social Impact M&E Needed at Three Levels 1) Social impact conceptual framework for the sector overall – telling a global story What information do we want from all partners to demonstrate the sector has a social impact? Suggestions include economic status of household/poverty reduction, time savings, livelihoods created. Potentially utilize Progress out of Poverty Index for poverty measurements. 2) Social impact M&E indicators, methodologies, and tools to measure and track a limited number of social impact areas at the enterprise/project level. Set of indicators & methodologies Guidance for implementation Results reporting and certification 3) Strategy for M&E deep dive impact evaluations in certain areas. Areas where specific impact evaluations are needed to fill data gaps and get a more robust picture. For example, the Alliance research studies looking at impact of adoption on households in areas of empowerment, time savings, education, decision-making, etc.

5. 5 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Social Impact Conceptual Framework: How involvement in the clean cooking supply chain translates to improvements in women’s social and economic empowerment Employment Women investors Women in production of clean fuels and/or stoves Women in distribution of clean fuels and/or stoves Business & social networks Technical & business skills Income Knowledge of environmental/ health benefits Expanded access to capital/credit Women as borrowers (supply-side) Agency Voice/ participation Status Adoption of clean cooking solutions Women in after-sales service of clean stoves Decision-making & control over assets/ resources Involvement of Women Women in selection & design of clean cooking products Components of Empowerment Outcomes of Empowerment Women SME owners & executives Multiplier Effect Financing options targeted to women as consumers

6. 6 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS DRAFT Social Impact Conceptual Framework: How adoption and use of clean cooking solutions translates into improvements in households’ well-being & livelihoods Adoption and use of clean cooking solutions Increased time spent on leisure activities Time spent cooking Increased time spent on income- generating activities Increased time spent on education/ training (adult/children) Shifts in Household Finances Enhanced social and economic well-being Health benefits Time spent collecting fuel Money spent on fuel Money earned using clean cookstove/fuel Secondary Outcomes Primary Outcomes Ultimate Outcomes Reduced drudgery (time & heaviness of load) Enhanced safety/protection (reduced exposure to potential injury, GBV) Increased financial security/income Length/frequency of fuel collecting trips Increased time spent on informal, non-income generating activities Health benefits (reduced smoke exposure, lower rates of accidents/burns) Shifts in Time Use Shifts in Workload

7. 7 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Social Impact & Key Stakeholders Key Domains Livelihoods Time Household economics Well-being/quality of life Safety/protection Drudgery Key Stakeholders Investors Advocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Others? (i.e. donors)

8. 8 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Livelihoods Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocatesGender Experts Enterprises/ Implementer s Jobs created XXXX Income earned Quality of job Part-time/full-time X X Employee vs. entrepreneur X Management level X X Stability of income Area within the value chain XX Sustainability of job Geographic location of job X Control over resources/assets earned Acquisition of skills Technical skills Empowerment/leadership skills XX Access to networks Women-owned businesses X

9. 9 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Time Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Time spent on fuel collectionXXX Time spent on cookingXX Full picture of time use Fuel processing XX Fire management XX Cleaning pots/kitchen XX How saved time is used Leisure X Informal sector activities (e.g. childcare) X Productive activitiesX Education X

10. 10 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Household Economics Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Money spent on fuelXXX Income earned from cooking sector jobX Income earned from time saved from use of clean cooking solution How saved money is being spent How earned money is being spent Access to credit XX

11. 11 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Well-being/Quality of Life Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Sense of well-being Perception of well-beingXXX Perception of benefits from clean cooking solution X Perception of safety & risk XX Status in family, community X Knowledge/ awareness of health and environmental benefits of clean cooking solutions

12. 12 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Safety/Protection Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Number of fuel collection tripsX Time spend collecting fuel Physical injuries (e.g. splinters, animal attack, spinal injury) XX Safety of employees in work environment X Perception of safety & risk XX

13. 13 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Domains of Impact: Drudgery Key components Key stakeholders InvestorsAdvocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Distance traveledX Heaviness of fuel loadX Labor intensive activities (scrubbing pots, processing fuel) All stakeholder groups agreed there is a need to continue to build the evidence that proves the theory of change for social impact.

14. 14 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Current State of Field of Social Impact Measurement 1. Time use Fuel collection time savings (self-reported, time use activity journals)- distance matters, not just quantity Cooking time- CCTs- but not time changes in fuel processing/fire management/stove maintenance/cleaning 2. Socioeconomic Jobs created (sometimes sex disaggregated) Income (employee salary data v. national averages/minimums) Microenterprises created Fuel cost savings (KPTs + national fuel cost surveys; qualitative before/after surveys) 3. Well-being/quality of life Reduced drudgery (self-reported weight and distance fuel burdens carried) Other perceived benefits (qualitative survey feedback)

15. 15 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Key Questions How nuanced of an understanding/measurement of time use is necessary to feel that we are accurately, yet feasibly tracking impacts on time use? Do we need to understand what women do with their saved time? Should decreases in injuries encountered during fuel collection be captured under “social impact” or “health impacts” Who will actually be motivated to collect or pay for collection of this data? How will we validate the data? How deep within their value chain will we expect enterprises to collect data? What are the main components of a “quality” livelihood that we will want to measure? What are some of the key gaps in the theory of change of how clean cooking solutions generate social impact? –How could these be filled in with specific research studies? –Who would fund such studies?

16. 16 | CLEAN COOKSTOVES AND FUELS Collaboration with ISO Working Group Alliance process provides content to feed into ISO Working Group ISO Working Group validates Alliance process and provides input along the way ISO process helps identify international experts with a wide variety of expertise to engage in the process; Experts have their government’s support to engage in the process ISO Working Group allows for alignment of social impact M&E guidance with global standards process