1. Graphical Modelling of Workflows: Foundation for Handling Uncertainty in the Model Web 76th OGC Technical Committee Bonn, Germany Benjamin Proß, IfGI/52°North March 01, 2011

2. Overview UncertWeb Project 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller

3. UncertWeb Facts Uncertainty-enabled Model Web, FP7 Project (http://www.uncertweb.org/) Feb 2010 – Jan 2013 8 Partners Aston University Italian National Research Council Food and Environment Research Agency Joint Research Centre Norwegian Institute for Air Research Eindhoven University of Technology University of Muenster Wageningen University

4. Definitions Uncertainty – Model inputs E.g. through measurement errors of sensors Taking outputs of other models as inputs – Models itself By aproximating reality, models introduce errors, and should inform the user about (annotate its output with) the degree this happens

5. Definitions Model Web “The goal of the Model Web is to enable the development of a modelling infrastructure. To achieve this, the Model Web focuses on enhancing interoperability of existing models and making their outputs more accessible” (GEOSS AIP-2 Summary Engineering Report GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot). Vision, NOT implementation Infrastructure is not yet existing

6. The UncertWeb concept When chaining services of limited or unknown quality, uncertainty must be accounted for if rational decisions are to be made. “UncertWeb develops mechanisms, standards, tools and test-beds for accountable uncertainty propagation in web service chains.”

7. Uncertainty quantification Even more important when considering service chains. Quantification achieved by: – Standards for representing and communicating uncertainty. – Adding uncertainty-enabled inputs and outputs to existing services. – Developing tools to assist users with uncertainty management. Computational issues will be non-trivial too !

8. UncertWeb and UncertML Standards for coupling models under uncertainty. – Develop UncertML to provide a complete probabilistic model for uncertainty, and consider other (e.g. Fuzzy, Bayes Linear) representations. – Provide an API for using UncertML. – Take UncertML through the standardisation process (where? OGC?, W3C?, IETF?).

9. Chaining UncertWeb services Chaining and discovery of services under uncertainty. – Extend existing interoperable services to permit their use in the uncertainty-enabled model web. – Implement a framework for uncertainty-enabled model web services. – Develop uncertainty-enabled OGC Web Services. – Also support standard W3C WS.

10. Uncertainty enabled WPS (UWPS) – Encapsulates models – Understands UncertML – Executes Monte Carlo simulations Uncertainty Transformation Service (UTS) – Transforms Uncertainties – E.g. distributions to realisations Spatio Temporal Aggregation Service (STAS) Use of WPS

11. WP2: Chaining and discovery services under uncertainty Develop the methods and the Web-based technology framework needed to discover and chain uncertainty-enabled or deterministic models in the presence of uncertainty – Composition as a Service (CaaS) approach – SOAP/WSDL + WPS service profiles – Metadata extensions

12. The CaaS Definition of a Composition-as-a-Service – From the literature A service “…for avoiding the need to install a client-side composition infrastructure” – From a Cloud Computing point-of-view Something between the customized Software-as-a- Service (SaaS) and the flexible but complex Platform-as- a-Service (PaaS)

13. The UncertWeb CaaS Features – The CaaS supports business process modelling through composition ( = re-use of existing) of (software) services – BPMN -> BPEL – Preprocessing – The composition result is still exposed as a service through a Workflow Engine

14. The UncertWeb CaaS Three functional Layers: – User Interface (editor, library, pre-processor for domain-specific notations,…) – Mediation (orchestration logic, abstract processes selector,…) – Adaption (adapters for external processes)

15. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller http://52north.org/maven/project- sites/wps/52n-wps-orchestration- site/index.html Developed during a research project with the Sejong University, Seoul through the funding from the Seoul R&BD program(10540) Further use and development in the context of UncertWeb

16. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller Lightweight browser application, that allows the: – Graphical composition and execution of workflows consisting of different OGC services like WPS, WFS and WMS – Execution of single WPS-processes – Visualisation of results – Creation of a new BPEL-process out of a workflow and uploading it to a WPS-T

17. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller OpenLayers-map. Easy adding and connecting of WPS-processes and data. Graphical workflow- modelling. Drag & Drop of Workflow-elements, like e.g. WFS-Layer.

18. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller Features – GWT web application – OpenLayers map – Orchestration of workflows either through 52°North WPS Orchestration API Workflow Engine (e.g. Apache ODE)

19. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller Demo/Video

20. 52°North Web Based Workflow Modeller A more complex scenario Estimation of air pollution from local emissions at point locations

21. Special thanks to: Lydia Gerharz Christoph Stasch Richard Jones Dan Cornford Lucy Bastin Matthew Williams Stefano Nativi Paolo Mazzetti

22. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° [248488]. Thank you for your attention!