PRESENT PERFECT.

PRESENT PERFECT

So…let’s talk about the FORM of the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE first…OK?
The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 things: the auxiliary verb HAVE and HAS (in all form: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative) the PAST PARTICIPLE For Example… She has worked in that office for six years. auxiliary past participle

Here are some more examples!
I have already eaten breakfast. She has seen that movie before. We have dealt with customers for many years. In these examples the past participle has an irregular form. Just like the lists you’ve been studying She has used a cash register before. He has worked for that company since May. We have already served their food. In these examples the past participle has a regular form and looks just the the simple past tense, but it’s not.

We often use CONTRACTIONS with this tense.
I have I’ve I haven´t You have You’ve you haven´t We have We’ve We haven´t They have They’ve They haven´t He has He’s He hasn´t She has She’s She hasn´t It has It’s It hasn´t I have lived in Florida for two years. I’ve lived in Florida for two years

So now that we’ve talked about the form (words) of the PRESENT PERFECT, we can now look at the reasons (function) we use it and see in what situations we need it. There are 2 main reasons we use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. They are completely different and have no connection to one another. Do you want to guess?

Are you Ready? Reason #1 We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about a completed past action at an unspecified time in the past. Perhaps we don’t remember when the action happened. Maybe we don’t know when the action happened. Or we just don’t care when the action happened. The only thing that is important is that it happened sometime before now. But not any specific time. I’ve already eaten breakfast. She’s seen that movie before. When did it happen?

Have you ever….? The short answer is…
When we want to ask a question about something that happened at any time before now, we say: Have you ever….? Have you ever worked at a job you really loved? Has she ever worked at a job she really hated? Have they ever used a cash register? Have you ever supervised other employees? The short answer is… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.

Ever or never? EVER (alguna vez) NEVER (nunca)
USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT Ever means 'at any time', the specific time is unknown or unnecessary, and is used in questions. Example – Have you ever met a famous person ? (Did you meet a famous person at any time in the past.) Never is originally a contraction of 'not ever'. Never means the subject hasn't had a certain experience before. Ex ample Have you ever been abroad? No, I've never been abroad. (I've never had that experience before.)

USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT
Just or Already ? ALREADY (ya) JUST(acabo de ...) USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT Already means that something happened earlier than we expected. Already usually goes after have or has and before the main verb. subject+have/has+already+past part. Examples - We've already had our breakfast. - When are you going to do your homework? - But I've already done it! - Do you want a cup of coffee? - No, thanks. I've already had one.“ Just means that something has happened in a very close time, right now or minutes ago, or maybe that day . Just usually goes after have or has and before the main verb. subject+have/has+just+past part. Examples - We have just finished our breakfast, so we aren’t hungry (We have finished right know) - Have you done your homework? - Yes, I have just finished them I’m picking up the books.

yet? YET (aún, todavía no) USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT Yet means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it at the end of a sentence. Examples - Has the post arrived yet? (¿Aun no ha llegado el paquete?) - Have you done your homework? (¿Aun no has hecho tus deberes? no, - Not yet aun no) - Haven't you got ready yet? Look at the time! (¿Aun no estas lista?)

still STILL(aún, todavía no) USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT Still means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it at the between the subject and have . It Examples She hasn’t phoned Peter YET She STILL hasn’t phoned Peter I haven’t finished the book YET I STILL haven’t finished the book Peter hasn’t introduced me that handsome boy YET Peter STILL hasn’t introduced me that handsome boy

We often use the Present Perfect with already to talk about things that have happened before now.
I’ve already eaten breakfast. She’s already read that book. You’re too late. He’s already left for school. We usually use yet in questions to find out if something has happened before now. Have you bought your mother a present yet? Has she seen that movie yet? Have they left for school yet?

Reason #2 1. SINCE + POINT IN TIME
With the words “for” and “since” to talk about something that began in the past and continues to now. For example: I’ve studied at this school since last June. She’s lived in West Palm Beach for 2 months. 1. SINCE + POINT IN TIME Use the present perfect with “since” + point in time (since 5:00, since Monday, since 1994) to show when something started. I’ve worked at this job since last year. He’s lived in Florida since March. They’ve been married since 1985. 2. SINCE can also introduce a time clause. I’ve lived in Lake Worth since I moved to Florida.

How do we ask questions using this tense?
FOR + LENGTH OF TIME Use the Present perfect with “for” + length of time (for ten minutes, for two weeks, for years, for a long time) to show how long a present condition has lasted. I’ve worked at this job for one year. He’s lived in Florida for 9 months. They’ve been married for a long time. So…… How do we ask questions using this tense? When we want to know the length of time something has taken place we use the question words “HOW LONG?” How long has she studied English at the school?

You’re right! The simple past tense.
If we want to ask a question about something that happened at a specific time in the past, we wouldn’t use the present perfect tense. We need to use a different tense. Can you guess which one? You’re right! The simple past tense. When did they use a cash register? They used a cash register last year. When did you supervise other people? I supervised other people two years ago. Last year, yesterday, two years ago, last week are all words we use with the simple past tense

Often when we’re speaking, we go back and forth between these two tenses—the present perfect and the simple past tense. Take a look at this example. Miko: Have you ever supervised other people? Tanaya: Yes, I have. Miko Tanaya Miko: When did you do that? Tanaya: I supervised others last year in my previous job.

EXERCISES

Write affirmative and negative sentences using the Present Perfect tense using the words given.
a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. c. They / buy / a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times. e. They / go / to the cinema. f. You / eat / four bananas! g. She / not / travel / far. h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. i. We / not / study / French.

Write questions and answer them. Make the answers true for YOU
a. She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister? b. They / phone / the doctor? c. You / take / any photographs? d. He / make / any mistakes? e. We / watch / any television today? 3. Complete the following sentences with since

Complete the following sentences with since or for.
a. She has worked as a secretary since 1991. b. They have been married ________ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ________ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ________ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ________ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ________ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ________ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?

Write sentences using the Present Perfect form and since or for.
a. I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since last summer. b. I / know / her / more than ten years. c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. d. You / live / in this town / a long time? e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. f. You / see / Jack / the party last week?

Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense
London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________ (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a very short line. Eight more lines ________ (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway ________ (open) in This line ________ (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________ (open) in Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.

Correct the following sentences:
a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. c. When you bought that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. g. She hasn’t never seen that film.

NOW CORRECT THEM

a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. c. They / buy / a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times. e. They / go / to the cinema. f. You / eat / four bananas! g. She / not / travel / far. h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. i. We / not / study / French.

a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. We haven’t finished our work. c. They / buy / a new house. They have bought a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times. I have visited New York five times e. They / go / to the cinema. They have gone to the cinema f. You / eat / four bananas! You have eaten four bananas! g. She / not / travel / far. She hasn’t travelled far. h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. . I haven’t done any homework this week We / not / study / French. We haven’t studied French

a. She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister? b. They / phone / the doctor? c. You / take / any photographs? d. He / make / any mistakes? e. We / watch / any television today? 3. Complete the following sentences with since

She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister? b. They / phone / the doctor? Have they phoned the doctor? c. You / take / any photographs? Have you taken any photographs? d. He / make / any mistakes? Has he made any mistakes? e. We / watch / any television today? Have we watched any television today?

a. She has worked as a secretary since 1991. b. They have been married ________ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ________ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ________ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ________ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ________ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ________ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?

a. She has worked as a secretary SINCE 1991. b. They have been married ___FOR _____ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ____FOR ____ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ____SINCE ____ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ___FOR _____ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ____SINCE ____ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ____SINCE ____ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ____FOR ____ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ____SINCE ____ yesterday?

a. I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since last summer. b. I / know / her / more than ten years. c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. d. You / live / in this town / a long time? e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. f. You / see / Jack / the party last week?

I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since last summer. b. I / know / her / more than ten years. I have known FOR more than ten years. c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. I haven’t eaten anything SINCE lunchtime. d. You / live / in this town / a long time? You have lived in this town FOR a long time? e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. Jill has been a good friend SINCE we were at school together. f. You / see / Jack / the party last week? Have you seen Jack SINCE the party last week?

London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________ (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a very short line. Eight more lines ________ (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway ________ (open) in This line ________ (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________ (open) in Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.

London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground STARTED (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers BUILT (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line WENT (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It WAS (be) a very short line. Eight more lines HAVE OPENED (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway OPENED (open) in This line WENT (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It OPENED (open) in Since the London Underground BEGAN (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, HAVE BUILT (build) their own systems.

a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. c. When you bought that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. g. She hasn’t never seen that film.

a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. HAVE They finished work yet?. they HAVEN’T finished yet c. When you bought that umbrella? When DID you BUY that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. Look! I have BOUGHT a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. . I BOUGHT three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. She HASN’T SEEN that film. she DIDN’T SEE that film g. She hasn’t never seen that film. She HAS never seen that film.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE and CONTINUOS
The Present Perfect Tense is used to connect the past and the present, sometimes it is an action that started in the past, but is still happening today For Example… She has lived in Santander for ten years. Meaning: She moved to Santander 10 years ago and she still lives here today Present perfect: connects the past and the present

+ has or have Past participle For Example…
Another use is for recently finished actions ( often with JUST) (or YET for negative forms) For Example… Susan has just mopped the floor, so don’t walk on it! Or: she hasn’t mopped the floor yet SO PRESENT PERFECT TENSE FORM IS… + has or have Past participle

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS
The present perfect continuous is often very similar in meaning to the present perfect tense Just like the Present Perfect, we can use it to talk about something that started in the past, but is still happening But the present perfect continuous focuses more on the continuous action. The emphasis in on the duration of the action

+ + has or have Verb – ing BEEN
It began raining two hours ago It is STILL raining now It has been raining for two hours SO PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE FORM IS… + + has or have Verb – ing BEEN

More examples… Jane started to work in her garden at 8:00 this morning. Now it is 12:00 She has been working in her garden for four hours! Where is Kelly? She is sleeping. She has been sleeping for a long time

Sam and Paul are talking in the hallway.
They have been talking since the class ended Tom and Lucy have not been walking, they have been painting all the morning!! Anna has been studying for three hours! She should take a break!

Difference in meaning:
Present perfect continuous is NEVER used to talk about recently finished actions Susan has moped the floor (present perfect – Recently finished) 2. Susan has been mopping the floor for 15 minutes (present perfect continuous; not finished yet)

Present perfect focuses more on the result of the action, while the present perfect continuous focuses more on the action itself Tom and Lucy have been painting all morning! (focus on the activity) 2. They have just painted the living room. Doesn’t it look great? (focus on the result)

Review: Both tenses can be often used in the same circumstance ( specially with live, work, and study + since and for) I have worked at the school for many years I have been working at the school for many years Both tenses started in the past and they continue up to the present time

ACTIVITIES

PRESENT PERFECT.

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