2. Fluid tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Transports nutrients, gases, cellular waste, hormones, antibodies, & enzymes.

3. Maintaining homeostasis. Maintenance of a stable internal environment. Sweat (water) released from the blood cools the body

4. 4 to 6 liters (depends on size of individual).

5. Plasma Liquid portion of blood that is clear/straw colored. Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc. 90% 7% water protein 3% Salts, glucose, wastes, fatty acids, vitamins

6. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Produced by the bone marrow. No nucleus 1mm³ contains 5 million RBC’s

7. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Increases surface area

8. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes To transport O 2 & CO 2 Hemoglobin An iron pigment (red in color) and carries O 2

9. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes How long do RBC’s Live? 8,000,000 RBC’s die & the liver recycles the iron

10. White Blood Cells Leukocytes Protects body against infection caused by a Pathogen

11. White Blood Cells Leukocytes Disease causing agent Examples are:

12. White Blood Cells Leukocytes WBC’s contain≥nuclei. (1 or more nuclei) produced in the bone marrow & lymph nodes

13. White Blood Cells Leukocytes Two Kinds of WBC’s - engulf - Make specific antibodies

14. White Blood Cells Leukocytes A protein that is very specific to an antigen Protein substance whose presence causes an immune response (antibody production)

15. White Blood Cells Leukocytes Receptor Site accepts specific molecules that fit their shape

16. Platelet Small oval fragments that trigger blood clotting. Look like small pieces of a plate

17. Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc. Carries oxygen on the hemoglobin Fight Infection Clotting

19. Disorders of Red Blood Cells - Too few Red Blood Cells - Too few O 2 transported - Too few energy.

20. Disorders of White Blood Cells - Uncontrolled production of White Blood Cells - Harms the kidney - Cancer

21. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus A virus in the body fluids that shuts down the immune system (the T-cells)

22. AIDS Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome When the immune system is shut down

23. A Pathogen that takes advantage of a failing immune system, causing DEATH

24. A healthy immune system would destroy the Pathogen and maintain homeostasis

26. The capacity to resist disease

27. - From the mother - No special steps necessary - Last a lifetime

28. - Developed through a lifetime - 2 Types → Active and Passive

29. - From exposure to the disease or a vaccine - ** Last a lifetime **

30. - Given antibodies that were made in another organism - ** Last a short time ** - (IE – Moms antibodies at birth)

31. An injection of a dead or weekend form of a disease-causing microorganism to stimulate antibody production by white blood cells

32. Person does not get sick Immune system makes specific antibodies If exposed to the living pathogen then antibodies are made and person does not wait and get sick

33. Protein substance whose presence causes an immune response (antibody production) -Foreign Substances -“Non-Self”

34. Disease-causing organism Virus, Bacteria, Protozoa, Parasites

35. Is an antigen * BUT * it is not

36. An abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms. Common indications of allergy may include sneezing, itching, and skin rashes.

37. Protein substance produced by white blood cells in response to an antigen

38. Receptor Site When activated tells cell what to do

39. This bacteria is unable to cause harm because all of the receptor sites are bound with antibodies Tagged for destruction

40. Protein molecules in the cell membrane that play an important role in the interactions between cells by binding to hormones and other molecules sent as communication signals from cells such as nerve cells.

41. - Remain on guard, watching for this specific antigen. - Once the specific antigen is detected, the memory cells make specific antibodies to attack it ASAP.

42. - Produced by the body in response to a harmless antigen. - Example: Pollen. -Symptoms: runny nose, watery eyes & sneezing (to remove the antigen → to end the symptoms.

43. - Stop histamines → to end symptoms.

45. Blood is identified by antigens on the RBC’s. There are 2 antigens – A and B B & AB A, B, AB “none” A & AB Clots:

47. - Takes blood away from the heart. - Thick-walled - Under great pressure - Elastic

48. - Takes blood to the heart. - Thin-walled - Low pressure - Has valves

49. - Between arteries & veins. - Very thin-walled - Just 1 cell layer thick- RBC’s pass in single file - Diffusion occurs here: nutrients, wastes, O 2, CO 2

54. - Upper chambers - Thin walled (receives blood)

55. - Lower chambers - Thick walled (much pressure) - Pumps blood out of the heart

56. - Between the atria & ventricles

57. - Leaving the ventricles

59. - At the beat BP - At the rest BP

60. is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep.

61. How does exercise affect heart rate?

62. Age Target HR Zone 50–85 % Average Maximum Heart Rate 100 % 20 years100–170 beats per minute200 beats per minute 25 years98–166 beats per minute195 beats per minute 30 years95–162 beats per minute190 beats per minute 35 years93–157 beats per minute185 beats per minute 40 years90–153 beats per minute180 beats per minute 45 years88–149 beats per minute175 beats per minute 50 years85–145 beats per minute170 beats per minute 55 years83–140 beats per minute165 beats per minute 60 years80–136 beats per minute160 beats per minute 65 years78–132 beats per minute155 beats per minute 70 years75–128 beats per minute150 beats per minute

64. - Pulmonary Circulation - From the heart, to the lungs, & back

65. - From the heart, to the body, & back - Coronary - Renal (kidney) - Hepatic Portal (liver & intestine)

66. - Arterial Blood Pressure remains much above normal throughout the heartbeat cycle - A fairly common health problem - Causes strokes, heart failure, damage to the eyes, kidneys, & heart attacks

67. - Deposits of cholesterol & other fatty materials collect on the inner walls of the arteries - Makes arteries narrow & inelastic

68. - A disease of the heart caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries so blood flow to the muscles is deprived - Results in chest pain which may spread to the left arm

69. - A clot or clump of materials that gets lodged in the narrow part of the artery - * Can lead to heart attacks

70. - A result of failure of the blood supply to some of the nerve tissue of the brain - Caused by the bursting of the small arteries or veins resulting in hemorrhage or bleeding of the brain (A brain attack)

71. - Returns fluid to the circulatory system - Different names for the fluid depending on where it is in the body:

72. Plasma I.C. F. (intercellular fluid) Lymph

73. - Filter bacteria & dead cells from lymph (the fluid of the lymph system) - Lymph nodes are throughout the body