1. Leaves
Pages 578;

2. A. Function 1. specialized organs that carry out photosynthesis
 CO2 + H C6H12O6 + O2

3. B. Parts of the Leaf 2. Epidermis - single layer on
1. Cuticle - thin, waxy outer layer
that prevents the loss of too
much water
the upper & lower surface of the
leaf that functions in protection
2. Epidermis - single layer on

4. Parts of the Leaf 3. Mesophyll - area where there
are cells with chloroplasts;
area of photosynthesis
4. Vein - bundles of vascular tissues
a. Xylem - transports water
(food)
b. Phloem - transports sugar

5. Parts of the Leaf 5. Stomata - tiny pores on the
lower surface that allows carbon
dioxide to enter and water &
oxygen to exit the leaf during
photosynthesis; allows oxygen
to enter and water & carbon
dioxide to exit the leaf
during respiration

6. Parts of the Leaf 6. Guard Cells - opens & closes
the stomata; regulates gas
exchange and water loss
stomata closed
stomata open

7. * More than 90% of the water taken up by the roots are lost to the atmosphere as water vapor (through the stomata); this is called transpiration

8. cuticle upper epidermis lower epidermis guard cells stomata
vascular tissues
(xylem & phloem)
mesophyll
lower
epidermis
guard cells
stomata

9. Leaf Adaptation: 1. Cactus: “thorns” are thin to
photosynthetic
reduce water loss; they are not
1. Cactus: “thorns” are thin to
reduce water loss
2. Pine Needles: thin and waxy to
collect sunlight (tropical)
3. Broadleaf: large, flat leaves to

10. Leaf Adaptation: 4. Carnivorous: a. pitcher plant: leaves are shaped
enzymes
contains rainwater and digestive
to “funnel” insects; the “pitcher”
a. pitcher plant: leaves are shaped

11. Pitcher Plant

12. Pitcher Plant

13. Leaf Adaptation: b. sundew: leaves have sticky
digestive enzymes
secretions (which trap insects) and
b. sundew: leaves have sticky

14. sundew

15. Leaf Adaptation: c. Venus Flytrap: leaf blades
release digestive enzymes
trap the animals inside and
are hinged; they fold up & and
c. Venus Flytrap: leaf blades

16. Venus Fly Trap

17. Venus Fly Trap

18. Leaf Adaptation: 5. Chemical Defenses: chemicals
insects (ex. nicotine)
growth and development of
5. Chemical Defenses: chemicals
on leaves that kill or disrupt the