1. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13

2. Learning Goals
1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps.
2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives.

3. Selective Breeding
We decide who breeds to select traits we want

4. Genetic Engineering
Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism
Step 1: Genetic Manipulation
Step 2: Cell Transformation

5. Step 1: Genetic Manipulation
Scientists use their knowledge of DNA structure to study and change DNA.
1. DNA extraction
DNA is separated from the rest of the cell.
2. Cutting the DNA
Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller fragments so it is easier to study/analyze.

6. 4. Making Recombinant DNA
3. Making copies
Polymerase chain reaction is used to make many copies of a particular gene
4. Making Recombinant DNA
Pieces of DNA from one organism are attached to the DNA of another organism

7. Step 2: Cell Transformation
Foreign DNA is inserted into a cell
1. Take gene and put it into a different cell
Use a bacteria plasmid or a virus to “deliver” gene to new cell
2. New “Host” cell will follow the DNA instructions of the inserted gene
3. Can be used to make important cell products or give organism new traits

9. Applications of Genetic Engineering
Genetically-modified Organisms : an organism that contains some genes from another species
Useful Applications:
1. Making medicines
2.Genetically-modified foods
3.Other Applications

10. 1. Making Medicines
Cells make important protein products that people with diseases need
EX: Insulin for Diabetes
EX: Human Growth Hormone
EX: Blood clotting factors

11. 2. Genetically-modified foods
Produce BIGGER foods
Feed more people
Disease & pest resistant
Frost resistant

12. 3. Other applications
Pet “Glo” Fish

13. Glow-in-the-Dark
Bunnies & Mice

14. Cloning
Dolly the Sheep

15. Copy Cat: Clone your favorite dead pet!

16. Genetic Ethics People have strong feelings about genetic engineering.
What do you think about what you have just learned?
Turn to your partner and share one idea.

17. Learning Goals
1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps.
2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives.