1. Substance Abuse The effect of medicine and drugs on the body

2. The Role of Medicine  Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions.  Drugs- substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body of mind.  All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines (prevent disease, fight pathogens, relieve pain, manage chronic pain)

3. Preventing Disease  Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a person from contracting a specific disease.  About 95% of children receive vaccines.  Vaccines contain a weakened or dead pathogen that cause disease.

4. Fighting Pathogens  Antibiotics- these are a class of drugs that destroy disease- causing bacteria. This will help from bacteria from reproducing!  Can cause side effects or allergies. You can also can adapt over time and you can develop a resistance.  When antibiotics are overused  When a patient does not finish a perscription

5. How medicine can enter the bloodstream  Oral medicine- tablets, capsules, or liquids  Topical medicine- applied to skin, can use a transdermal patch  Inhaled medicine- such as asthma medication that can be a fine mist or powder  Injected medicine- delivered through a shot, so it can be delivered right into the bloodstream

6. Reactions to Medications  Side effects- reactions to medicine other that the one intended.  Synergistic effect- an interaction of two or more medications that result in a greater effect than when each medicine is taken alone.

7. Standards of Medication  Prescription medicines- medications that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitioner  Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- medicines that you can buy without a doctor’s prescription

8. Substance Abuse  Substance abuse- any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances  Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture  Illicit drug use- the use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted

9. Factors that influence Teens  Peer pressure  Family members  Role models  Media messages  Perceptions of drug behavior (how will it make you feel)  Misleading information

10. How can drugs affect your health?  Physical health- drug use can result in an overdose, or a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of drugs.  Mental health- drug use may impair a teen’s ability to reason and think. Some drugs can alter the structure and function of the brain.  Social health- drug use can lead to unhealthy relationships, crime, suicide, unintentional injuries.

11. Other effects of drug use  Addiction- physiological or psychological dependence on a drug.

12. What is Marijuana?  Most frequently used illicit drug in U.S  Derived from the leaves or flowering buds of the cannabis sativa plant  Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food or drink to induce its effects  Effects can be felt within a few minutes and can last for 3-4 hours  Can vary in potency depending on the source or selection of plant materials

13. Marijuana cont’d  THC is the chemical that is believed to be responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana.  In 1974, the average THC level in marijuana was less than 1%, in 2002, it was over 6%.  98% of nearly 8,000 offenders sentenced for marijuana crimes were guilty of trafficking.

14. Effects of Marijuana Effects of Marijuana  Impaired short term memory  Impaired attention  Impaired coordination and balance  Increased heart rate  Bloodshot eyes  Dry mouth  Addiction  Paranoia  Anxiety  Impaired learning skills  Long term memory difficulties

15. Medical complications  Chronic cough  Bronchitis  Emphysema  Increased risk of head, neck, and lung cancer  Decrease in testosterone level and lower sperm count in men  Increase in testosterone level in women and increase chance of infertility

16. Inhalants  Inhalants- substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give an effect.  Most inhalants depress the CNS  Some can be used to treat asthma, or allergies.  Substances that are used to achieve a high like solvents, glues, varnishes or gasoline can have a fatal result.

17. Inhalant effects  Glassy stare  Slurred speech  Impaired judgement  Nausea  Coughing  Nosebleeds  Fatigue

18. Anabolic Steroids  Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones.  Can result in unnatural muscle growth  Effects include: weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, and liver and kidney failure.

19. Psychoactive Drugs  Psychoactive drugs can change the functioning of the CNS.  Psychoactive drugs- chemicals that affect the CNS and alter the activity in the brain.  4 main groups include: stimulants, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.

20. Psychoactive Drugs  Why do you think that psychoactive drugs are classified into groups?  When used correctly, psychoactive drugs can have medicinal value.

21. Club Drugs  Club drugs are usually found at concerts, clubs, and parties. The are generally disguised in food or drink without the person’s knowledge.  Many club drugs are considered designer drugs, which is a synthetic drug made to imitate the effects of other drugs.

22. Club Drugs  Ecstasy- stimulant/ hallucinogen  Rohypnol- depressants/ sedative  GHB- depressant  Ketamine- hallucinogen  Meth- stimulant  LSD- hallucinogen

23. Stimulants  Stimulants- speed up the CNS  Nicotine  Caffeine  Cocaine- highly addictive; white powder  Crack- highly addictive; can be smoked or injected  Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to stay alert

24. Stimulant effects on body  Stimulant use can lead to: depression, fatigue, paranoia, liver failure, physiological dependence, death.

25. Depressants  Depressants- slow down the CNS  Barbiturates- sedative; usually cause mood swings, and sleeplessness.  Tranquilizers- used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, or sleeplessness.

26. Hallucinogens  PCP- creates a distorted sense of time, increase muscle strength, violence, and inability to feel pain.  DMX- or “tussin”, is a cough suppressant sold OTC; when used correctly, it is not dangerous. When misused, it can cause paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and addiction.

27. Opiates  Derived from opium plants; use for pain management and can only be obtained by prescription  Codeine- highly addictive; used in some prescription cough medicines  Morphine- prescribed to treat severe pain  Oxycodone- used to treat or manage chronic pain; can cause death from respiratory failure.

28. Healthy Alternative  Hobbies  Sports  Community Activities  School Organizations

29. Drug Prevention  Drug Free School Zones- areas within 1,000-1,500 ft. of schools within which people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties.  Drug Watches- organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol and monitor.

30. Getting Help  Rehabilitation- process of medial and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol.  Outpatient Treatment  Short-term  Maintenance Programs  Therapeutic communities