1. Digital Text and Data Processing Week 7

2. □ POS: total counts: normalise by token count □ Unicode support □ Synchronic and diachronic variation (dialects and historical changes) □ Not knowing beforehand what is possible / relevant Challenges

3. □ Digital humanities methodology often demands experimentation □ Method is mostly inductive approach (cf. deductive approach advocated by Stanley Fish) Stanley Fish □ When experiments are not motivated, there is a risk that the research simply exposes "a correlation between a formal feature the computer program just happened to uncover and a significance that has simply been declared, not argued for". □ Also see Chris Anderson, The End of TheoryThe End of Theory

4. □ The DH methodology is partly inductive and partly deductive □ Computational analyses often lead to unexpected results □ Techniques can help scholars to generate hypotheses

5. □ Data acquisition □ Clean up and enrichment (removal of stopwords, POS, lemmatisation) □ Quantification □ Data analysis Phases

6. □ Page images and machine-readable text (removal of typography and of paratext) □ Low quality of OCR, see, e.g. Laura Mandell, How to Read a Literary VisualisationHow to Read a Literary Visualisation □ Motivation of the choice of a specific edition Data acquisition

8. □ Text2Genome □ OSCAR □ NeuroElectro □ Peter Murray Rust’s work on Chemical Compounds TM on recent scientific articles

9. □ The right to read does not imply the right to mine □ Study commissioned by EC led by by prof. Ian Hargreaves Licences

10. Article 7.2 of Settlement: □ Creation of a “Research Corpus”; □ Solely for “non-consumptive” reading, or research “in which computational analysis is performed on one or more Books, but not research in which a researcher reads or displays substantial portions of a Book to understand the intellectual content presented within the Book” Google Books Settlement

13. □ Lev Manovich, The Language of New Media □ Textual narrative: linearity and reliance on typography □ Database: random access, non-linear, no form Database and Narrative

15. The Semantic web □ Envisaged by Tim Berners-Lee as “a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines” □ RDF-Triples □ Examples: Subject: “Book-URI” Predicate: “hasISBN” Object: “978-0-252-07829-0”

16. dbPedia

19. Nano-Publications

20. Semantic Publishing

21. STCN SPARQL Endpoint