1. Biomedical Informatics Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine Third Edition Edward H. Shortliffe Editor James J. Cimino Associate Editor
Chapter 1 & 2

2. Grading and assessment:
2 MidExams each 15 = 30
FinalExam Theory = 30
5 Quizzes 5 each, the lowest 2 will be dropped = 15
5 Assignments 5 each, the lowest 2 will be dropped = 15
Semester project 10
Course website: mcst-is-cs.wikispaces.com

3. How important are computers in the medical field
Lets take a look
banks cannot practice modern banking without financial software
Airlines cannot manage modern travel planning without shared databanks of flight schedules and reservations
Life scientists are generating data at a rate that defies traditional paper-and pencil methods for information management and data analysis.
Health professionals also recognize that a large percentage of their activities relates to information management

4. for example, obtaining and recording information about patients, consulting colleagues, reading the scientific literature, planning diagnostic procedures, devising strategies for patient care, interpreting results of laboratory and radiologic studies, or conducting case-based and population- based research.

5. Information Management in Biomedicine
Although the application of computers to biomedicine is recent, the clinical and research influence of biomedical-computing systems is already remarkably broad.
Example:
Clinical information systems, which provide communication and information-management functions, are now installed in essentially all healthcare institutions.
Physicians can search entire drug indexes in a few seconds To anticipate harmful side effects or drug interactions
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are typically analyzed initially by computer programs
interpretation of pulmonary-function tests and a variety of laboratory and radiologic abnormalities.

6. Devices with embedded microprocessors routinely monitor patients and provide warnings in critical-care settings, such as the intensive-care unit (ICU) or the operating room.
Both biomedical researchers and clinicians regularly use computer programs to search the medical literature, and modern clinical research would be severely hampered without computer based data-storage techniques and statistical analysis systems
Advanced decision-support tools also are emerging from research laboratories, are being integrated with patient-care systems, and are beginning to have a profound effect on the way medicine is practiced.

7. The Study of Computers in Biomedicine
The actual and potential uses of computers in health care and biomedicine form a remarkably broad and complex topic. However, just as you do not need to understand how a telephone or an ATM machine works to make good use of it and to tell when it is functioning poorly, we believe that technical biomedical-computing skills are not needed by health workers and life scientists who simply wish to become effective computer users. On the other hand, such technical skills are of course necessary for individuals with a career commitment to developing computer systems for biomedical environments.

8. The Need for Specialists in Biomedical Informatics
The increasing introduction of computing techniques into biomedical environments will require that well-trained individuals be available not only to teach students, but also to design, develop, select, and manage the biomedical-computing systems of tomorrow

9. Transition to an EHR Inadequacy of Paper record
Intro to Computer record
Electronic Medical Record
Electronic Health Record

10. Biomedical Science Definition:
The scientific field that deals with biomedical information, data, and knowledge—the storage, retrieval, and optimal use for problem solving and decision making

11. What is medical Data?
Medical datum: A single observation of medical fact; the value of a specific parameter (e.g., red blood cell count) for a particular object (e.g., patient) at a given point in time.
Types of Medical Data: numerical measurements (e.g., blood pressure), recorded signalse(e.g., heart beat), drawings, and photographs)

12. Who Collects the Data?
Healthcare team: A coordinated group of health professionals including physicians, nurses, case managers, dieticians, pharmacists, therapists, and other practitioners who collaborate in caring for a patient.

13. Who uses the medical data?
Direct patient care
Administrative purposes
Financial purposes
Statistical purposes
Because of all this mutliple use is a benefit of an her as compared to the paper record

14. Roles of Medical Record
A communication mechanism among health professionals who work together to plan patient care.
Continuity of care
Anticipate Future Health Problems/Preventative Measures
Legal record
Clinical Research
Legal record: if the data does not exist in the record than it cannot be recorded. The foundation for determining if proper care was delivered.

15. Weaknesses of the Medical Record System
Can I find the data I need when I need them?
Can I find the medical record in which they are recorded
Can I find the data within the record?
Can I find what I need quickly?
Can I read and interpret the data once I find them?
Can I update the data reliably with new observations?
Discuss clinical research

16. Electronic Health Records: Anticipating the Future
single-entry points into a medical world
digital libraries, supporting bibliographic search

17. Definitions in Ch. 2
Nomenclature: A system of terms used in a scientific discipline to denot classifications and relationships among objects and processes.
Knowledge: Relationships, facts, assumptions, heuristics, and models derived through the formal or informal analysis (or interpretation) of data

18. Definitions cont.
Information: Organized data or knowledge that provides a basis for decision making.
Heuristic: A mental “trick or rule of thumb; a cognitive process used in learning or problem solving.
Database: A collection of stored data—typically organized into fields, records, and files—and an associated description.
Knowledgebase: A collection of facts, heuristics, and models that can be used for problem solving and analysis of data.
Look at pg 71 after going through definitions

19. Hypothetico-deductive approach
In clinical medicine, an interative approach to diagnosis in which physicians perform sequential, staged data collection, data interpretation and hypothesis generation to determin and refine a differential diagnosis?
Pg 71 graph

20. Question for Discussion
Given the imprecision of many medical terms, why do you think that serious instances of miscommunication among health care professionals are not more common?
Why is greater standardization of terminology necessary if computers rather than humans are to manipulate the data?