1. Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Procedures -P rinciples -Criteria Anastasia Sitara EPEM S.A.

2. Structure of the presentation Obligations of the Non – Annex I parties Steps towards the elaboration of the National Action Plan and the National Communication Principles and criteria for the selection of GHG emissions reduction measures The Greek experience

3. Reporting obligations of all Parties Article 4.1 of the UNFCCC: “all parties are required to develop, periodically update and make available to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties”

4. Reporting obligations of Non Annex I countries Article 12.1 of the UNFCCC: “Each Non Annex I country should communicate to the COP : A national inventory of anthropogenic emissions and removals by the sinks A general description of the steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention Any other information that the Party considers relevant…”

5. Timing of reporting Initial NC: 3 years from the time of entry into force of the Convention (or subject to the availability of financial resources) Entry into force of the Convention: 90 th day after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

6. Steps for developing the NC Establishing a National Climate Committee Establishing a Project Steering Committee Creating a Climate Change Team Developing work plan

7. National Climate Committee - Members President’s/ Prime Minister’s Office Ministry of Environment Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Energy Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Industry Ministry of Science & Technology Meteorology Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance and Planning NGO for environment Private sector associations

8. National Climate Committee - Responsibilities Overseeing of the National Policy and the implementation of the FCCC Overseeing of all the climate change related projects, programs and research activities Ensuring the consistence of the climate change policies and the national development priorities Ensuring the information of all the stakeholders Developing the negotiating positions and strategies for the Country Reviewing and finalizing the various components of the NC

9. Project Work plan Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis Vulnerability and adaptation assessment Initial National Communication

10. Development of GHG emission inventory Training Identification of data gaps Review and adaptation of existing methodologies Establishment of data collection and management system Preparation and circulation of draft inventory National consultation workshop Finalisation of inventory

11. Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis Training Development of baseline scenario Evaluation of GHG abatement options Finalisation of GHG abatement analysis Draft National Action Plan National consultation workshop Finalisation of National Action Plan for abatement Formulation of programmes and policy frameworks for implementing the response measures

12. Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Review and adaptation of existing methods Vulnerability assessment Identification of adaptation options Evaluation of adaptation options National consultation workshop Finalisation of National Action Plan for adaptation

13. Initial National Communication Preparation of the draft initial National Communication Circulation of the draft NC Finalisation of the draft NC Submission of the draft NC to national government Finalisation, translation and publication of the NC Submission of the initial NC to the UNFCC Secretariat

14. Yugoslavian inventory - Methodology Emissions Direct Greenhouse Gases: CO2, CH4, N 2 O F-Gases: HFC, PFC, SF 6 GHG precursors: NO X, CO, NMVOC SO 2 Activity sectors Energy: For the Base Year 1990 Industrial Processes: For the period 1990 – 1998 Solvents and Other Product Use: For the period 1990 – 1998 Agriculture: For the period 1990 - 1998 Land Use Change and Forestry: For the period 1990 – 1998 Waste: For the period 1990 – 1998 IPCC Methodology has been used for Energy, Agriculture, Land Use Change and Forestry, Waste CORINAIR Methodology has been used for Industrial Processes, Solvents and Other Product Use

15. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Base Year Total CO 2 emissions: 72624 kt CO 2 Total CH 4 emissions: 480 kt CH 4 Total N 2 O emissions: 68 kt N 2 O

16. Energy Sector CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Total emissions: 67049 kt CO 2 CH 4 Fugitive Emissions Total emissions: 161 kt CH 4

17. Industrial Processes CO 2 Emissions from Industrial Processes Total Emissions in Base Year: 5534 kt CO 2

18. Agriculture CH 4 Emissions from Agriculture Total Emissions in Base Year: 220 kt CH 4 N 2 O Emissions from Agriculture Total Emissions in Base Year: 59 kt N 2 O

19. Land Use Change and Forestry CO 2 Emissions and Removals Net Removals in Base Year: 5461 kt CO 2

20. Waste CH 4 Emissions from Disposal of Solid Wastes Total Emissions in Base Year: 73 kt CH 4

21. Projections for Yugoslavia

22. Primary Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

24. Electricity Generation by fuel for the baseline scenario (ktoe)

25. Final Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

27. Projections of CO 2 emissions per sector (Mt)

29. GHG emissions mitigation options Building sector Transport sector Industry sector Agricultural sector Waste management sector Energy supply sector

30. Mitigation options in the building sector Improvement of energy efficiency Lighting Air conditioning Appliances Space heating Insulation Passive solar design Integrated building design Fuel switching

31. Mitigation options in the transport sector Improvement of energy efficiency of vehicles Use of alternative fuel vehicles LPG Natural Gas Hydrogen Electricity Biofuels Traffic and fleet management

32. Mitigation options in the industry sector Improvement of energy efficiency Material efficiency improvement Recycling More efficient product design Material substitution Fuel switching

33. Mitigation options in the agricultural sector Conservation tillage and reduction of land use intensity Use of slow release fertilizers, organic manure etc (for N 2 O reduction)

34. Mitigation options in the waste management sector Use of landfill gas for heat and electricity Recycling of waste Use of waste as biofuel

35. Mitigation options in the Energy Supply sector Use of low cost combined cycle turbines Development of Combined Heat and Power Systems Development of RES Fuel switching

36. Measures to reduce GHG emissions Technical Potential—The amount by which it is possible to reduce GHG emissions or improve energy efficiency by using a technology or practice in all applications in which it could technically be adopted, without consideration of its costs or practical feasibility. Economic Potential—The portion of the technical potential for GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiency improvements that could be achieved cost-effectively in the absence of market barriers. Market Potential—The portion of the economic potential for GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiency improvements that currently can be achieved under existing market conditions, assuming no new policies and measures.

37. Criteria for evaluation of measures GHG and Other Environmental Considerations GHG reduction potential (Tons of carbon equivalent) Other environmental considerations Percentage change in emissions of other gases/particulates Biodiversity, soil conservation, watershed management, indoor air quality, etc.

38. Criteria for evaluation of measures (2) Economic and Social Considerations Cost-effectiveness Average and marginal costs Project-level considerations Capital and operating costs, opportunity costs, incremental costs Macro-economic considerations GDP, jobs created or lost, effects on inflation or interest rates, implications for long-term development, foreign exchange and trade, other economic benefits or drawbacks Equity considerations Differential impacts on countries, income groups or future generations

39. Criteria for evaluation of measures (3) Administrative, Institutional and Political Considerations Administrative burden Institutional capabilities to undertake necessary information collection, monitoring, enforcement, permitting, etc. Political considerations Capacity to pass through political and bureaucratic processes and sustain political support Consistency with other public policies Replicability Adaptability to different geographical and socio-economic- cultural settings

40. Policy measures Energy or carbon taxes Tradable permit systems Standards (e.g. energy efficiency standards)

41. The Greek NAP – an overview Major potential Energy sector Building sector Restructuring of the chemical industry Emission abatement potential (up to 2010) 17314 ktn CO 2 – eq

42. Building and tertiary sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Improvement of the thermal behavior of the buildings 106 Maintenance / replacement of diesel heaters191 Fans etc57 Use of high efficiency equipment (air conditioning, appliances, light bulbs) 1874 Use of automated lighting systems23 Solar collectors (water heating, space-water heating) 1302 Roof top photovoltaic systems8 District heating (biomass)318 Use of NG for space heating and cooling188 TOTAL4066

43. Transport sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Maintenance of private vehicles and LDT76 Use of NG buses2 Improvements of lights58 Promotion of the use of public urban transportation means 461 Soft interventions Promotion of biofuels319 TOTAL916

44. Energy sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Use of RES4027 Wind energy1850 Small hydro1033 Central photovoltaic units21 Geothermal energy50 Biomass Use of Natural gas3350 Cogeneration with Natural Gas222 TOTAL7599

45. Industrial sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Use of natural gas163 Use of solar energy340 Use of biomass46 Energy conservation238 TOTAL787

46. Policy measures Law 2244/94 - promotion of RES Energy efficiency standards and energy labeling Operational program of Energy

47. Operational Program for Development Support for the investments in cogeneration, RES and energy conservation Dissemination of information actions Infrastructure development Financial incentives for private energy investments Special support status Voluntary agreements Third Party Financing Total budget foreseen: 1071 million Euros

48. Operational Program for Development (2) Support to private investments Access to Natural Gas Connection of the Greek pipeline with the Italian and the Turkish Reinforcement of the flexibility and the reliability of the Natural Gas system Upgrading of the LNG station in Revithousa Upgrading of the network Construction of reservoirs

49. Operational Program for Development (3) Development of energy infrastructure for RES and small islands Operation of the free energy market Penetration of NG in the households, the tertiary sector, new industrial consumers and transport

50. Law for the development (2601/98) Subsidies for investments and programs in the field of electricity production by RES by electricity production industries and other types of enterprises Support to investments of RES exploitation and energy conservation