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2.  Contributes to every dimension of wellness.  Defining Psychological Health › Positively (presence of wellness) › Negatively (absence of sickness) 2

3. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)  Self-Actualization › Positive definition › Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential.  Hierarchy of needs › Studied very successful people (Self-actualization)  Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein › Realism › Acceptance  Self-concept  Self-esteem › Autonomy  Inner-directed  Other-directed › Authenticity › Intimacy › Creativity 3

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5.  Same as psychological normality.  Mentally normal simply means being close to average  “Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy” 5

6. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Growing Up Psychologically › Developing Adult identity › Developing Intimacy › Developing Values and Purpose 6

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8.  Developing a Positive Self-Concept › Begins in childhood › Integration › Stability  Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem › Challenge is your self-concept  Acknowledge that something has gone wrong › Notice your patterns of thinking › Develop realistic self-talk  Being less defensive  Being optimistic 8

9. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Maintaining honest communication › Assertiveness training  Dealing with loneliness  Dealing with anger  Managing your own anger  Dealing with anger in other people 9

10. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Anxiety Disorders › Simple phobia or Specific phobia  Fear of something definite  Most common and most understandable › Social phobia  15 million Americans  Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others › Panic disorders  Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety  Rapid and strong heart beat  Shortness of breath  Loss of physical equilibrium  Feeling of losing mental control  Agoraphobia (fear of leaving home) 10

11. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Three 11 Ablutophobia…..fear of bathing achluophobia:... darkness ailurophobia:... cats anthophobia:... flowers anuptaphobia:... staying single ataxophobia:... untidiness barophobia:... gravity bibliophobia:... books caligynephobia:... beautiful women chorophobia:... dancing chrometophobia:... money coulrophobia:... clowns dentophobia:... dentists didaskaleinophobia:... school eleutherophobia:... freedom euphobia:... hearing good news gamophobia:... marriage geliophobia:... laughter hedonophobia:... feeling pleasure hypegiaphobia:... responsibility iatrophobia:... doctors kathisophobia:... sitting down lutraphobia:... otters lygophobia:... darkness merinthophobia:... being tied up metathesiophobia:... changes misophobia:... dirt or germs mnemophobia:... memories nephophobia:... clouds noctiphobia:... night nomatophobia:... names novercaphobia:.... stepmothers oenophobia:... wines ophidiophobia:... snakes ophthalmophobia:... being stared at ouranophobia:... heaven Papaphobia:... the Pope philemaphobia:... kissing philophobia:... falling in love phobophobia:... phobias selenophobia:... the moon testophobia:... taking tests triskaidekaphobia:... the number 13 trypanophobia:... injections vitricophobia:... stepfathers xanthophobia:... the color yellow xenophobia:... strangers zelophobia:... jealousy zoophobia:... animals Visit www.somniloquy.com/Phobias.html for a complete list of Common Phobiaswww.somniloquy.com/Phobias.html

12. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) › Reaction to future threats is to worry › Worries have taken over  Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) › Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts › Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions  Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) › Reaction to a severely traumatic event  Treatment for anxiety disorders › Medication › Psychological interventions  Cognitive-behavioral 12

13. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Depression › Demoralization  Feeling of sadness and hopelessness  Loss of pleasure  Poor appetite  Insomnia  Restlessness  Thoughts of worthlessness  Trouble concentrating  Thoughts of death or suicide › Dysthymic disorder  Symptoms for longer than 2 years › Suicide  Warning signs  Men have a higher incidence than women 13

14. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead  Increasing social withdrawal/isolation  Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood  Previous history of attempts  Suicide by a family member or friend  Readily available means of committing suicide  History of substance abuse or eating disorders  Serious medical problems 14

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16. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Mania and Bipolar Disorder › Gender differences  Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed  Schizophrenia › Uncertain about what causes it › General characteristics  Disorganized thoughts  Inappropriate emotions  Delusions  Auditory hallucinations  Deteriorating social and work function 16

17. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Four Different perspectives 1. Biological pharmacological therapy 1.Antidepressants 2.Mood stabilizers 3.Antipsychotics 4.Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills) 5.Stimulants (Ritilin) 6.Anti-dementia 2. Behavioral Stimulus, response, and reinforcement Practice exposure (often used to treat phobias and anxiety) 3. Cognitive Replacing unrealistic thoughts and negative self-talk 4. Psychodynamic Uncovering feelings and building self-awareness  Evaluation of the models  Combining different therapies 17

18. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Three 18 David was a 20-year-old junior at a large, competitive university, majoring in humanities. He had been the best all-around student in his high school class. The high school principal remembered him as brilliant and caring. In college, David maintained an outstanding academic record. Students in his dorm said he was cheerful, outgoing, and "laid back." For 6 months he had been attending meditation classes, had become a vegetarian, and had started to jog daily. He avoided all drugs, including alcohol. Shortly before spring vacation, he told a friend he had been hearing voices and seeing "real" visions. He was convinced that the end of the world—the "Last Judgment"— was coming. He talked of taking his own life because he felt unworthy, and said that his death would help humanity. In contrast to his usual cheerfulness, he became withdrawn and isolated.

19. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Three 19 The worried friend called David's father, who lived far away. The father talked to his son several times by phone and arranged to fly up to see him in a week. The day before they were to meet, David jumped off a high bridge and drowned. His friend took a medical point of view. He thought David's visions and voices sounded like signs of schizophrenia. The father agreed only partially. There is often a temptation to lay blame in cases such as David. Was his father spiritualizing a schizophrenic disorder? Of all people, the father, who had known his son for all of his 20 years, should have recognized that something was wrong. But his father lived far away and was empathetically supporting his son's spiritual quest. Thus, we cannot convincingly lay blame, but we can hope that in the future, better informed students, parents, and college administrators will be more sensitive to warning signs like the ones in this case: Hearing voices and seeing visions, a major and sudden change in personality, suicidal thoughts, and the ominous false calm that can follow a firm decision to commit suicide.

20. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Self Help › Books › Writing a journal › Religious › Social groups  Peer counseling and support groups  Professional › Determine the need › Choosing a mental health professional  Psychiatrists  Clinical psychologists  Social workers  Licensed Counselors  Clergy  Treatment Team 20

21. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Three 21 Chapter 3 Connect Assignment Due Tuesday, January 26th

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